To go to the PROTALK32 Manual Contents, press the Page Down key 
once.
HOW TO USE THE MANUAL.
1.	By cursoring, move through the Contents to find Chapter and 
	Appendix numbers.  Alternatively, to go directly to a Chapter or `
	Appendix number, use the Alt + menmonic key combination to 
	call up the FIND menu.
2.	On the FIND TEXT line,  enter first the letter X immediately 
	followed by the numbers or letter and numbers marking the 
	chapter or the Appendix, then ENTER.  (e.g. X5.6 will take you 
	to Chapter 5.6."How to Read or Design Tables and Columns.”)
3.	After the chapter is found, press ESCAPE to exit the FIND 
	window. The cursor is then placed on the chapter heading, 
	ready to read the following text.
Key commands for browsing through the text are: page up / page down, 
control home / control end, home, end all cursor keys.
NOTE:	The term "cursoring" used in the following text refers to using 
	the directional arrow keys to move either the application or 
	navigation cursor up, down, left, or right as appropriate.
CONTENTS:
S1	BIOLINK COMPUTER R & D LTD. LICENSE AGREEMENT.
S2	INTRODUCTION TO PROTALK32
S3	TERMINOLOGY USED IN PROTALK32.
1	Preparing To Install And Unload Protalk32.
1.1	Backing Up Protalk32.
1.2	System and Compatibility Considerations When Using Protalk32.
1.3	Installing Protalk32.
1.4	Common Problems When Installing Protalk32.
1.5	Common Problems When Running Protalk32.
1.6	Removing Protalk32 From The Hard Disk.
1.7	Do I Have To Configure Protalk32?
1.8	Dedicated Speech Synthesizers.
1.9	Braille Displays.
1.10	Protalk32 Start Up Options.
1.11	Does A Windows Set Up Affect Protalk32?
1.12	How To Exit Windows And Protalk32.
2	General Overview Of Protalk32.
2.1	Protalk32 Key Command Structure.
2.2	Function Keys In Protalk32.
2.3	Avoiding Number Pad Key Conflicts.
2.4	Protalk32 For Windows Sleep Mode Toggle.
2.5	User Dictionaries Within Protalk32.
2.6	How To Change Voice Rate, Pitch And 
	Master Volume Settings.
3	Protalk32 Control Windows.
3.1	Description Of Protalk32 Control Windows.
3.2	The Protalk32 Item Manager.
3.2.1	How To Navigate In The Protalk32 Item Manager.
3.3	The Functions Of The Protalk32 Item Manager Buttons.
3.3.1	The Tools and Icons Button Function.
3.3.2	The Hot Keys Button Function.
3.3.3	The Auto Train Button Function.
3.3.4	The Train Tools Button Function.
3.3.5	The Edit Tools Button Function.
3.3.6	The Cancel Button Function.
3.3.7	The Help Button Function.
3.4	The Protalk32 Control Console.
3.5	How To Navigate In The Console Window.
3.5.1	How To Adjust Level Settings In The Console.
3.6	How To Set Radio Button Functions In The Protalk32 Console.
3.6.1	Selecting a Blank Line Warning.
3.6.2	Punctuation Toggle.
3.6.3	Capitalization Toggle.
3.6.4	Detect Table Toggle.
3.7	How To Set Check Boxes In The Protalk32 Console.
3.7.1	Detect Words Checkbox.
3.7.2	Fast Track Mode Checkbox.
3.7.3	Read Blocks In Scan Voice Checkbox.
3.7.4	Read Letter Before Deleting Checkbox.
3.7.5	Read Application Hotkey Function Checkbox.
3.7.6	Language Switching Checkbox.
3.7.7	Read or Display Icon Association Checkbox.
3.7.8	Read Protalk Key Function Checkbox.
3.7.9	Spell Keyboard Input Checkbox.
3.7.10	Use 3D Sound Checkbox.
3.8	How To Get To Other Control Windows In The P32 Console.
3.9	The Exception Dictionary Editor Window.
3.9.1	How To Navigate In The Exception Dictionary Editor Window.
3.9.2	How To Enter, Edit Or Delete Words In The Exception 
	Dictionary.
3.10	The Protalk32 Character Editor Window.
3.10.1	How To Navigate In The Character Editor Window.
3.10.2	How To Edit The Punctuation Dictionary.
3.10.3	Selecting Interactive Readout For Individual Punctuation 
Characters.
3.11	The Advanced Settings Window.
3.11.1	How To Navigate In The Advanced Settings Window.
3.12	How To Customize Settings.
3.12.1	Customizing Cursor Tracking.
3.12.2	Customizing The Favoured Cursor Type.
3.12.3	Customizing Dialog Box Tracking.
3.12.4	Customizing Colour Reading.
3.12.5	Customizing Mouse Tracking.
3.12.6	Customizing Text Tracking.
3.13	Miscellaneous Checkbox Options In The Advanced Settings 
	Window.
3.13.1	Customizing Block Read Assist.
3.13.2	Customizing Window Refresh.
3.13.3	Save Settings Specific To Application.
3.13.4	Use Short Form Of Menu And Dialog Readout.
3.13.5	Relative Cursor Position Indicator.
3.13.6	Setting Numbers To Be Spelled Or Spoken.
4	Training And Editing Application Buttons.
4.1	The Automatic Tool Trainer Window.
4.1.1	How To Navigate In The Automatic Tool Trainer Window.
4.2	The Edit Tool Name Window.
4.2.1	How To Navigate In The Edit Tool Name Window.
4.3	Auto Training Application Buttons.
4.4	Editing Application Buttons.
4.5	Manually Training Application Buttons.
4.6	Deleting Item Manager Button Listings.
5	Special Features In Protalk32.
5.1	Sensitivity Setting Of Automatic Readout.
5.2	Using A Mouse With Protalk32.
5.3	Navigating With The Mouse Cursor.
5.3.1	How to use Object Oriented Readout.
5.3.2	How To Set Object Oriented Readout.
5.3.3	How To Use The Touch Tracking Display Feature.
5.3.4	How To Set The Touch Tracking Display.
5.3.5	How 3D Sound Output Is Used.
5.4	Protalk32 And Language Switching.
5.5	The “Set Language” Window.
5.5.1	How To Access And Navigate In The Set 
	Language Window.
5.5.2	Configuring Languages For Use.
5.6	How To Read Or Design Tables And Columns.
5.7	Spreadsheets, Databases, And Protalk32.
5.8	Using Protalk and Scanners with OCR Software.
5.9	Protalk32 And Internet Access.
5.10	Rotating Windows In An Application Program.
5.11	Condensing The Readout / Display Of Status Lines.
5.12	Where Are Icons And Buttons Really Located?
6	Protalk32 And Application Hot Keys.
6.1	Listing Hot Keys And Reading / Displaying Their Functions In 
Protalk32.
6.2	How To List Windows And Application Hot keys.
6.2.1	Toggling The Readout Display Of Application Hot Key 
	Functions.
6.2.2	Toggling The Readout Display Of Protalk32 Key Functions.
7	Protalk32 Tutorial.
7.1	How To Use The Protalk32 Tutorial.
8	Reading Features In Protalk32.
8.1	Reading / Displaying The Position Of The Application Cursor.
8.2	Reading / Displaying The Application Cursor Position In A 
Column.
8.3	Reading / Displaying The Position Of The Navigation Cursor.
8.4	Reading / Displaying The Navigation Cursor Position In A 
Column.
8.5	Readout / Display Of Application Menu Items.
8.6	Description Of Text Readout In Protalk32.
8.7	Protalk32 Application Mode.
8.8	Reading Text In The Application Mode.
8.8.1	Reading Words In The Application Mode.
8.8.2	Reading Lines In The Application Mode.
8.9	Block Reading In Protalk32.
8.9.1	How To Read A Block of Text.
8.10	Reading With Function Key Commands.
8.10.1	Reading Sentences.
8.10.2	Reading Paragraphs.
8.10.3	Reading / Displaying A Marked Block.
8.10.4	Reading / Displaying The Clipboard.
8.10.5	Reading / Displaying The Text In A Window.
8.10.6	Reading / Displaying The Rest Of The Text In A Window.
8.10.7	Reading / Displaying The Whole Document.
8.10.8	Reading / Displaying The Rest Of The Text In A Document.
8.10.9	Scanning The Current Column Of The Application Cursor.
8.11	Reading Out and Displaying With The Cursor Keys.
8.11.1	Reading Single Characters With The Cursor Keys.
8.11.2	Reading Single Characters When Deleting.
8.11.3	Reading Single Characters When Backspacing.
8.11.4	Reading Lines.
8.12	Protalk32 Navigation Mode.
8.13	Moving The Navigation Cursor.
8.14	Reading Single Characters With The Navigation Cursor.
8.14.1	Reading Single Words With The Navigation Cursor.
8.14.2	Moving The Navigation Cursor To The Beginning / The End Of A 
Line.
8.15	Reading Lines With The Navigation Cursor.
8.16	Moving The Navigation Cursor To The Position Of The 
Application Cursor.
8.17	Reading Text In The Navigation Mode.
8.17.1	Reading Words In The Navigation Mode.
8.17.2	Reading Lines In The Navigation Mode.
8.18	Selecting Text Blocks.
8.18.1	Using Quick Scan Commands To Mark The Start Of A Block Of 
Text.
8.18.2	How to Mark A Block of Text With The Application Cursor.
8.18.3	How To Mark A Block Of Text With The Navigation Cursor.
9	Protalk and Braille.
9.1	The Protalk32 Braille Monitor.
9.2	Braille Displays And Protalk32.
9.3	Description Of The Protalk32 Generic Braille Driver.
9.4	The Protalk32 Braille Router.
9.4.1	How To Navigate In The Protalk32 Braille Router Window.
9.4.2	Cursor Movement.
9.4.3	Dialog Boxes.
9.4.4	Reading Commands.
9.4.5	Keyboard Input.
9.4.6	Status Lines.
9.4.7	Messages.
9.4.8	Menu Readout.
9.4.9	Navigation.
9.4.10	DOS Box.
10	Advanced Braille Settings.
10.1	The Advanced Braille Settings Window.
10.1.1	How To Navigate In The Advanced Braille Settings Window.
10.2	How To Set The General Setting Checkbox Functions.
10.2.1	Force 6 Dot Braille Checkbox.
10.2.2	Show Highlighted Blocks.
10.2.3	Show Application Cursor Checkbox.
10.2.4	Show Navigation Cursor Checkbox.
11.	The Braille Table Editor Window.
11.1	Navigating In The Braille Table Editor Window.
11.2	Creating Or Editing A New Braille Table.
11.2.1	Creating A New Braille Table.
11.2.2	Editing An Existing Braille Table.
11.3	The Braille Cursor Editor Window.
11.3.1	Navigating In The Braille Cursor Editor Window.
11.4	Designing Or Editing A Braille Cursor.
11.4.1	Designing A New Braille Cursor.
11.4.2	How To Select The Application And Navigation Cursor Type.
11.4.3	Deleting A Cursor.
12	Help In Protalk32 And Applications.
12.1	How To Use The Protalk32 Help.
12.2	Reading Or Displaying Windows Applications Program Help.
12.2.1	Selecting Help Directly From The Application Menu.
12.2.2	Selecting Help In The Application With The F1 Function Key.
12.3	How To Navigate Through The Application Help Text.
12.4	How To Read The Application Help Window.
12.5	Windows 95 Help.
13	Protalk32 And DOS.
13.1	Running DOS Applications In Windows.
13.2	Configuring Windows 3.1 For Protalk32 DOS.
13.3	Configuring A PIF To Run Protalk32 At The DOS Box Prompt.
13.3.1	Configuring A PIF To Run DOS Applications From An Icon.
13.3.2	Configuring Windows 95 For Protalk32 DOS.
13.4	About Protalk32 For DOS.
13.5 	Automatic Protalk32 DOS Functions.
13.6 	Protalk32 DOS Navigation Mode Goto Line Commands.
13.7	Pop Up Windows In Protalk32 DOS.
13.8	Spreadsheet Applications In DOS.
14	Windows Explained.
14.1	The Microsoft Windows Program.
14.2	Installing Microsoft Windows.
14.3	What Is A Window And How Is It Utilized?
14.4	Description Of A Window.
14.4.1	What Is A Scroll Bar?
14.4.2	What Are A Menu Bar And A Menu Button Bar?
14.4.3	What Is A Dialog Box?
14.4.4	What Is A Text Box?
14.4.5	What Is A Check Box?
14.4.6	What Is A Drop Down List Box?
14.4.7	What Is A Radio Or Option Button?
14.4.8	What Is A Command Button?
14.4.9	What Is An Icon?
14.4.10	What Is The Program Manager?
14.4.11	What Is A Start Up List In Windows 95?
14.4.12	What Is A Task List?
14.4.13	What Is A Clipboard?
14.4.14	What Is The File Manager?
14.5	Message Windows.
14.6.	Locating Application Group Windows In The Program Manager.
14.6.1	Locating Application Icons In The Program Manager.
14.6.2	Selecting An Application In The Program Manager.
14.6.3	Locating Menus and Sub-Menus Within An Application.
14.6.4	Locating A User Accessible Dialog Box.
14.6.5	Locating A Drop-Down List In A List Box.
14.6.6	Locating A Drag-Down List Under A Command Button.
14.6.7	Locating Application And Document Control Menus.
14.6.8	Locating Buttons In An Application Tool Or Button Bar.
14.7	Moving And Resizing Windows.
14.7.1	Moving A Window On The Display.
14.7.2	Resizing A Window.
14.8	Maximizing, Restoring, And Minimizing Windows.
14.8.1	Maximizing A Restored Application Window.
14.8.2	Maximizing An Application Icon.
14.8.3 	Maximizing A Restored Document In An Application Window.
14.8.4	Restoring A Maximized Application Window.
14.8.5	Restoring A Maximized Document Window.
14.8.6	Minimizing A Application Window.
14.8.7	Minimizing A Document Window.
14.8.8	Reading Name And Display Status Of The Application.
15	Common Windows Key Commands.
15.1	System Keys.
15.2	Menu Keys.
15.3	Dialog Box Keys.
15.4	File Manager And Explorer Keys.
15.5	The Windows Control Panel And Protalk32.
Appendix A
A1	Summary of hot keys in p32.
A 2	Function keys, num lock "on", minus key on the number pad 
	pressed first.
A 3	Universal commands available in application and navigation 
	mode.
A 3.1	Application mode. (number pad keys, num lock "on.")
A 3.2	Navigation mode.
Appendix B
B1	Hot Keys In PROTALK Dos.
B2	Review Mode Commands In PROTALK Dos.
Appendix C	Summary of Braille display key commands.
C 1		The Alva braille display key commands.
C 2		Brailloterm display key commands.
C 2.1		Brailloterm input text key commands.
C 3		The Modular braille display key commands.
C 4		Navigator 20/40 display key commands
C 4.1		Navigator 80 display key commands.
C 5		The Powerbraille 40 display key commands.

X1.	Preparing to Install or Unload Protalk32.
Your system must meet with the following minimum requirements to run 
P32:  It must be a 100% IBM compatible 386 or better, with a minimum 
clockspeed of 25 MHz, and at least 4 Meg of memory.  If you are planning 
to run sophisticated programs like word processors and databases 
simultaneously, it is recommended that to improve performance, you 
install as much memory as possible.  If there is insufficient memory 
installed, your hard drive will be constantly exchanging information and 
P32’s performance will suffer considerably, mostly in terms of reaction 
time.

It is not necessary that a speech synthesizer or Braille device be connected 
to install P32.  However, to prevent problems in the future, make sure that 
your output device is properly connected and the power switched ON 
before you run P32.  To be prepared for the questions that will be asked 
during the install process, note to which serial or parallel port your output 
device(s) is connected before starting the install.  Internal speech cards 
should be securely fastened and switched to the proper interrupt setting.

You can install P32 on two computers if they are to be used exclusively for 
your own use.  You must insert the Protalk software security device 
(dongle) into each computer’s LPT1 (parallel) port before you install P32.   
Although you can run the program on the first computer without the 
dongle, it must be attached to the second computer for the program to run.  
After installs on two computers, if you want to install on another 
computer, you must attach the dongle to one of the first two computers 
and unload a copy of P32 before it can be installed again.  If you are 
upgrading Windows on a computer that is running P32 without the 
security device you must uninstall Protalk first.  Once the Windows 
upgrade is complete, you can then re-install P32.

To attach the dongle for installing or unloading the program, proceed as 
follows:
 1.	Switch off the PC power supply.
 2.	Install the software security device adapter in the LPT1 port.
	If a printer cable is installed already, remove the cable, then plug 
	the device into the port.  Since the security device is double 
	ended and "transparent" to any other parallel device, the printer 
	cable can then be plugged into the other end of the device.
 3.	Switch your computer ON, and allow it to BOOT normally.
	The security device will not interfere with the proper operation of 
	the printer.

To remove the dongle after unloading P32, proceed as follows:
 1.	Switch off the PC power supply.
 2.	Remove the software security device adapter from the LPT1 port.
	If a printer cable is installed, remove the cable, then remove the 
	device from the port.

(IMPORTANT: Before you continue, make a back-up copy of the original 
P32 diskette.  Use the back-up copy as your working copy.  The original 
should be stored in a safe place, in case the working copy is damaged.  
While making a back-up copy is urged for your own protection, you are 
reminded that under the terms of sale and use of P32, all copies are 
ONLY for the use of the registered user.)

X1.1	Backing Up Protalk32.
Place the original P32 disk in your HD 3.5" drive.
When using Windows 3.1 at the DOS prompt, 
type DISKCOPY  /V  A:  A: and press ENTER.
Under DOS 5.0 and higher, this command will copy the contents of drive 
A: onto a work area of the hard disk, and the /V switch will ensure a 
continual accuracy check.  You will then be prompted to load a target 
diskette, also in drive A:
This target diskette will be formatted (and all of its former contents will 
be erased) to become an exact duplicate of the original.  It should be 
labeled as such.  Repeat this process until all P32 disks have been copied.
When using Windows 95, you can make a back up of the program disk 
only by using the Disk copy function in the Windows DOS box.

X1.2	System and Compatibility Considerations When Using Protalk32.
P32 requires the 386 enhanced operating mode.  P32 is compatible with 
any memory manager that is compatible with Microsoft Windows versions 
3.1 or Windows 95.  P32 is compatible with any device that has drivers 
for Microsoft Windows.
P32 is compatible with any video adapter of either enhanced or local bus 
design, CD ROM, disk caching and disk compression facilities, and 
speech recognition devices.

X1.3	Installing Protalk32.
To install Protalk32, the Windows program must be installed already.
If Windows has been installed and is running, you can select the RUN 
Dialog box from the FILE menu in the Program Manager.
Then place the 1st working disk of Protalk32 in the system 3.5" HD drive.
In the RUN Dialog box, at the command line, type in: A:\INSTALL and 
press ENTER
After you press ENTER, the P32 install control window will open up with 
the cursor on the first listing in the Speech Device text box.  Cursor down 
to highlight your choice of synthesizers, or leave it on the first entry, 
which is “NONE.”
Then use TAB to go to the next text box, which will be the Speech Port 
text box if you selected an external synthesizer.
Cursor down to highlight the port the synthesizer is using, and TAB once 
more to continue. If you highlighted the “NONE” entry or an internal 
speech synthesizer, the Speech Port will be disabled and you will be sent 
to the “NONE” entry in the Braille Device text box.  Once more, cursor 
down to highlight your Braille Device, then TAB to the next text box.
If you selected an external Braille device, this box will be the Braille Port 
text box.  Cursor down to highlight the port the Braille device is using, 
and press TAB again to continue your selection.
The directory selection box will be highlighted on the name of the 
PTWIN_32 directory.  If you want to install to a different directory, edit 
the directory name.  Next, press the TAB key to go to the P32 Auto Run 
checkbox.  To select the checkbox setting, press the SPACEBAR once.
Checking or unchecking the Auto Run selection will finalize the P32 
install instructions, and the program should now be ready to install.
You need only to press ENTER to start the process.  However, first check 
all the highlighted settings for accuracy, and make corrections if 
necessary.

Have you selected the correct synthesizer and output port?
Have you selected the correct Braille device and output port?
Have you selected the directory to which P32 is to be installed?
Have you selected whether the program is to be Auto Run at the startup?

If any speech setting or Braille device is not properly configured during 
installation, P32 can run incorrectly, or even not at all.
Such an error can show up in the form of incomprehensible speech output 
or Braille display, or as no response from the program except for a beep 
from the computer speaker.
When all Protalk32 windows are configured correctly, press the ENTER 
key and wait for a message indicating that you should remove the disk and 
install the next one.  After the last disk has been loaded and installed, P32 
will indicate that it is finished.
Although P32 itself does not require rebooting, it is still necessary to 
configure the P32 DOS box driver.
If you know how, you can later change the synthesizer, Braille device, or 
port assignments in the Protalk.INI file  without re-installing.  In all other 
circumstances, repeat the install process for the new synthesizer, Braille 
display or port configurations.
Remember to reboot  or restart the computer after the removal and re-
install.  See chapter 1.6, “Removing Protalk32 from the Hard Disk.”

To allow the currently installed copy of Protalk32 to be used without the 
security key you must use the UNLOCK.EXE utility.  Since Protalk32 and 
the Unlock utility share certain runtime files no speech or Braille assist will 
be available to unlock the security key, and sighted assist is required.

To run the UNLOCK.EXE open the Windows RUN dialog box . 
At the command line type in C:\PTWIN_32\UNLOCK and ENTER.
Then by clicking on OK, the currently installed copy of Protalk32 may  be 
used without the security key.  Only one copy of Protalk32 can be set to run 
without the key so that if this copy is unlocked, all other installs MUST 
have the security key attached to function.

To allow another copy of Protalk32 to be used without the key, the unlocked 
copy  must be un installed.
First, as per instructions in chapter 1, install the P32 security device.  
Followed by inserting the P32 program disk 1 in floppy drive A or B.
Then to run the UNINSTAL.EXE open the Windows RUN dialog box.
At the command line type in A or B:\UNINSTAL and ENTER.
Then by clicking on OK the uninstall utility removes the currently installed 
copy of Protalk32.  Now you are ready to install Protalk32 on another 
computer.

X1.4	Common Problems When Installing Protalk32.
If the install is completed and P32 fails to run, it is most likely due to one 
of the following reasons:
1.	P32 was not configured correctly during the install.  See chapter 
	1.6 to uninstall with the PTREMOVE utility.  Then re-install.
2.	The synthesizer and / or Braille device power switches are not 
	turned on.  Switch the power ON.
3.	The synthesizer or Braille devices are not connected.  Connect 
	the devices.
4.	P32 was installed without its security device plugged into the 
	printer port.  Re-install the program with the security device 
	plugged in.
5.	You have attempted to install the program on a third computer.  
	Plug the security device into one computer and uninstall the 
	program.  Then re-install it on the third computer.
6.	The interrupt is in conflict with the interrupt of an internal 
	speech synthesizers.

X1.5	Common Problems When Running Protalk32.
If P32 has been running but then stops working at startup, check for the 
following conditions:
1.	Power is not ON on output devices.
2.	Cables are disconnected.
3.	The security device is not seated correctly in the printer port.
4.	The printer connected to the security device is switched Off, and 
	is therefore grounding one of the data pins on the security device.
5.	A new application has been that has for one reason or another, 
	taken control of the ports that connect the synthesizer or the 
	Braille device.  (hint: check any newly-installed fax, 
	communications or scanner programs.)
6.	Without your knowledge, someone has made changes to the 
	config.sys.  For compatibility, always load the ProtalkW.sys last.
7.	New hardware that has been added is in conflict with the already-
	installed speech or Braille hardware.
If Protalk has been performing well then becomes sluggish, check for the 
following:
1.	There is insufficient memory space when P32 is run with other 
	memory-intensive applications.

X1.6	Removing Protalk32 From The Hard Disk.
First install the Protalk32 security device in the printer port.  For details, 
see chapter 1, “Preparing to Install and Unload Protalk32.”   Followed by 
inserting the P32 program disk 1 in floppy drive A or B.  Then to run the 
UNINSTAL.EXE open the Windows RUN dialog box.  At the command 
line type in A or B:\UNINSTAL and ENTER.
Then by clicking on OK the uninstall utility removes the currently installed 
copy of Protalk32.

The UNINSTAL command will remove all PT32 program and driver files 
from the hard drive, and will restore the Windows registry and 
CONFIG.SYS.  When the uninstall is completed, close the Windows 3.1  
program, and reboot at the C:\ prompt so that the restored CONFIG.SYS 
file can take effect.
In Windows 95 when the uninstall is finished close the Windows 95 
program, then select to restart.


X1.7	Do I Have To Configure Protalk32?
It is not necessary to configure P32, or to re-configure DOS or Microsoft 
Windows.  The Microsoft Windows installation program will configure 
your computer so that it performs at maximized performance; this 
configuration is also ideal for P32.  Since Protalk is a Windows 
application like any other, it inherits Windows’ settings, making batch 
files redundant.

X1.8	Dedicated Speech Synthesizers.
P32 supports a growing list of speech synthesizers.  Synthesizer 
manufacturers and models that are currently supported are listed in the 
P32 README file.  Since the physical connection and setup of 
synthesizers is undertaken prior to and independent of the setup of 
Protalk, we suggest that you follow manufacturers’ instructions very 
carefully.

X1.9	Braille Displays.
P32 also supports a growing list of Braille display units.  During the 
installation, users can select which Braille language will be used.  Braille 
display units that are supported by P32 are listed in the Protalk README 
file.  Since each Braille display has its own unique installation 
requirements, we recommend that you follow manufacturers’ instructions 
closely.

X1.10	Protalk32 Start Up Options.
Because of a fundamental difference between Windows 3.1 and 95, their 
startup options are executed somewhat differently, although both will lead 
to the same result.
Basically, the difference is that Windows 3.1, which runs on top of DOS, 
is launched from the C:\ prompt, while Windows95, which has a built-in 
DOS, is opened when the computer is switched ON.
To start up Protalk32 when using Windows 3.1, if you selected the Auto 
Startup option during the installation process, at the DOS prompt type: 
WIN, followed by ENTER
If you did not select Auto Startup, type PTWIN at the DOS prompt, then 
press ENTER
In both cases, P32 and Microsoft Windows 3.1 will be loaded 
consecutively.
To run Windows without Protalk (when Auto Startup was not selected), 
type simply WIN at the DOS prompt, then press ENTER
If you are using Windows 95 and you did select the Auto Startup option 
during the installation, whenever you start the computer it will load 
consecutively Microsoft Windows 95 and then P32.
If Auto Startup was not selected, you must OPEN the P32 folder in the 
Program folder.  Since speech or Braille display is not possible until P32 
is running, you most likely will require assistance.  Therefore, we 
recommend that users always select the Auto Start up option during the 
install.
Important Note:
Depending on the equipment you have connected the first time you run 
Protalk32, if you select both speech and Braille output during the 
installation, the program will be set for simultaneous output to both.
If only one such devices is connected, P32 will default to that particular 
device.
In only speech or Braille is selected during the installation, P32 
automatically will send all output to either speech or Braille.
If no devices are connected during the installation, P32 will emit a beep 
when it runs to indicate that it cannot find the output device.
However, if Protalk is configured for speech and Braille, and you 
disconnect the Braille display, Protalk automatically will refer output to 
speech, and will recover again when Braille is re-connected.  In such a 
situation, when you re-connect the device, you must press one or more 
Braille display keys to alert P32 to its presence.

X1.11	Does A Windows Set Up Affect Protalk32?
Microsoft Windows itself is configured with reference to certain 
parameters for Windows programs.  Protalk32 will not be affected by it, 
provided that Setups are performed when P32 is not running.
WARNING!
If you make changes to the Windows Control Panel while Protalk32 is 
running, be aware that when Windows starts to re-configure the system, 
all running applications, including P32, will be terminated.  You will be 
left without speech or Braille output.
In this situation, you can start the speech up again by waiting until a 
minute or so has expired and the disk drive has stopped, then using the 
ALT and F4 key command to exit Windows 3.1 and 95, and pressing 
ENTER.  Just to be sure, reboot the computer with the CONTROL and 
ALT and DELETE key command.
If you are using Windows 3.1, type PTWIN or WIN at the DOS prompt, 
then press ENTER.  If you are using Windows 95, the program will 
launch again automatically after the reboot.

X1.12	How To Exit Windows And Protalk32.
Exiting Windows 3.1 and 95 in an orderly fashion means that users first 
must close all application programs in use.  This usually requires that 
work in progress be saved before the program is closed.  We can’t 
emphasize enough to you enough the importance of saving your work in 
progress, since otherwise it may be lost when you close or exit the 
program.
You do not have to save Protalk32 or close it separately.  It is designed to 
close automatically when you exit Windows.
In Windows 3.1, Protalk32 is synchronized with the Windows operating 
system, as are all Windows applications.
Consequently, when you are exiting Windows, P32 output will be 
suspended just before the appearance of the EXIT confirmation window.
The Exit window is a message box that contains two buttons, called OK 
and CANCEL, and also displays a warning message that says, 
"This will end your Windows session."  Since no readout functions are 
available, the easiest way for you to exit is to wait for a few seconds, then 
confirm that you want to exit by pressing the ENTER key.
(Make sure that you have saved all your work!)
Otherwise, you can press ESCAPE to abort the Windows exit process, and 
check for any application that could still be open.
Windows and P32 will then both be immediately restored.
If you leave open an application document that you have not saved before 
pressing enter to exit, Windows 3.1 will display another message box that 
will ask, “do you want to save or continue to exit?”  Unfortunately, 
because of the aforementioned suspension by Windows, the message 
cannot be read out.  To prevent the loss of unsaved documents, we 
recommend that you press ENTER TWICE when you are exiting 
Windows, the first time to confirm that you want to exit, the second time 
to save any possibly unsaved documents.  If there is an unsaved document 
remaining when you press Enter the second time, readout functions will 
be re-activated as the document is saved.
If there are no unsaved documents when you press Enter the second time, 
the C:\ prompt may appear on the display twice.
When multiple applications are open and each program in turn has open 
documents, you will have to save them one by one, either by checking 
each program, or by exiting each open application individually.
Once you have exited MS Windows 3.1, you will be returned to the DOS 
prompt and your existing DOS screen reader or Braille unit in DOS mode.
In Windows 95, as in Windows 3.1, the operation of Protalk32 is 
synchronized with the Windows operating system.
However, the 32 bit true multi tasking capabilities of Windows95 enable 
P32 output to remain available until after one of the Shut Down options 
has been selected in the Shut Down Windows Box.
Depending on how Windows95 is configured, the Shut Down Windows 
box contains up to 4 radio buttons, each with a different method of 
exiting, and 3 command buttons.
The shut down options are:
1.	Shut down the computer.
2.	Restart the computer.
3.	Restart the computer in MS-DOS mode.
4.	Close all programs and log on as a different user.
The three command buttons are:
1.	Yes.  The Yes button is similar to Enter.
2.	No.   The No button is similar to Escape, and will close the exit 
window without closing or executing a function.
3.	Help.

To close your Windows 95 operations, either select the Shut Down option 
from the start button list or press ALT and F4 to call up the same Shut 
Down Windows Box.  When the box is called up, the cursor will be on the 
first radio button option, which is “Shut down the computer”.  There will 
be a readout and / or display of the words, “Shut Down Windows”, 
followed by the words, “Shut down computer, radio button.”
Select one of the radio button options by cursoring down and pressing 
ENTER, or by using ALT and a mnemonic letter key combination.
With either method, Windows will proceed to execute the command, and 
any applications, P32 included, will cease to function.   If there are open 
applications that have unsaved documents, the shut down of those 
applications will be suspended and warning messages will appear.  
Unfortunately, since P32 will already have been shut down, there will no 
possibility of recovering speech or the display of Braille.
Therefore, it is of the utmost importance that you are absolutely sure your 
work is saved before you make your selection in the Windows 95 Shut 
Down Windows Box.

X2	General Overview Of Protalk32.
X2.1	Protalk32 Key Command Structure.
To prevent conflict between Protalk32 and application software, key 
commands that are specific to P32 are divided into two main modes: 
Regular mode and P32 mode.  In the Regular mode, control commands 
and call-up commands are issued directly from the keyboard.  In the P32 
mode, which is what you will probably use more often, commands are 
structured primarily around the use of the number pad keys, and keyboard 
function keys become a secondary function of the P32 mode.
The P32 mode (or number pad mode) is divided into two distinct groups 
of keys that are easy to remember: the first group, which consists of the 
numbers from one to nine from the number pad, performs nearly identical 
functions in both the Application and Navigation modes, while the second 
group, which consists of all the other keys on the number pad except the 
Enter key, performs the same commands in both modes.
When the NUM LOCK is switched ON, the P32 mode is active, and P32 
has control of the number pad and isolates number pad keys from the 
application.  In P32 mode, key or key combination commands that are 
issued from the number pad numbers 1 to 9 are Application mode 
commands and correspond to the Application cursor.
If you issue the CONTROL and SCROLL LOCK command in addition to 
activating NUM LOCK, the number pad will be toggled from application 
mode to navigation mode, and key or key combination commands that are 
issued from the number pad numbers 1 to 9 will be Navigation mode 
commands and will correspond to the Navigation cursor.
The Application cursor is moved with the dedicated cursor (arrow) keys, 
and the Navigation cursor is moved with the number pad cursor (arrow) 
keys.
NOTE: On a portable computer the alternate (or “embedded”) number pad 
is used.  To avoid both learning alternate key functions and calling them 
up with the auxiliary key Fn, users may choose to connect an external 
number pad.

X2.2	Function Keys In Protalk32.
To prevent conflict over the use of function keys between P32 and other 
application programs, P32 function keys can be isolated from the 
application.  Unlike application functions, it is necessary to activate a 
secondary mode before keying in a P32 function key command.
After the execution of a P32 function, the function key automatically will 
default back to the Application program.
To activate this secondary mode, make sure the NUM LOCK is "ON", 
then press the MINUS key on the number pad.
The function keys will now be ready for a P32 command.  If no valid 
function key command is entered function key access will return 
automatically to the application, which is also what would happen if a 
valid function key were entered.

X2.3	Avoiding Number Pad Key Conflicts.
The toggle feature that isolates Protalk32’s number pad function keys 
from the application avoids key conflicts between P32 and other 
application programs.  However, when P32’s control over the number pad 
is released, its readout and navigation functions become unavailable for 
P32’s use.  You can toggle the feature ON and OFF by simultaneously 
holding down CONTROL and pressing the NUM LOCK.
When the number pad is released, Protalk will announce "NUM PAD 
OFF", and likewise "NUM PAD ON" when it is toggled back on again.

X2.4	Protalk32 For Windows Sleep Mode Toggle.
Using the sleep mode toggle feature prevents conflicts between P32 and 
programs like document readers during speech or Braille output.
When P32 is in Sleep Mode, the only function that can affect P32 is the 
ON command.  If you are using an Arkenstone "Open Book" reader, P32 
will switch OFF and ON automatically.
To toggle the feature ON and OFF manually, press ALT and the PLUS 
key.

X2.5	User Dictionaries Within Protalk32.
There are two dictionaries in Protalk32, a speech dictionary and a 
combined character, punctuation and phonetics dictionary.
P32 exclusively supports the UNICODE character set and its subset ANSI.
Since Windows applications exclusively use pre-defined fonts, P32 does 
not support a graphics dictionary.
The speech exception dictionary in P32 can hold up to 1000 words, which 
is in addition to the dictionary of the speech synthesizer, which also may 
be able to hold several thousand words.  Characters, punctuation and 
phonetic entries can be entered, deleted and edited from within any 
application in use.

X2.6	How To Change Voice Rate, Pitch And Master Volume Settings.
To help you distinguish between the different modes, Protalk32 applies 4 
different user-defined voice types: application, navigation, keyboard and 
quick scan.
Application mode voice is the voice used to read all text, data, program 
requests, application messages and errors in the Application program.
When messages or errors appear to alert you to it they are preceded by a 
burst of fast beeps.
Keyboard voice is the voice used to read back your keyboard input.
Navigation mode voice is the voice used to read all text and data 
associated with the Navigation cursor movements.
Quick scan voice is used to read blocks of text in a fast-paced voice.
Until you change the initial installation settings, the program will use 
default settings for the voice rate, pitch and master volume.
The default setting for the Application mode voice and pitch is 5.
The default setting for the Keyboard voice and pitch rate is 6.
The default settings for the Navigation mode voice and pitch are 6 and 5 
respectively.
The default settings for the Quick scan voice and pitch are 8 and 5 
respectively.
You can adjust a single voice rate, pitch or master volume setting without 
calling up the Protalk Console by first activating the secondary mode of 
the function keys by pressing MINUS on the number pad.
Next, press a Function key from F1 - F4, depending on which setting is to 
be adjusted.  The precise adjustment can now be made by keying in a 
number from 0 to 9.
Protalk will confirm each entry with a readout.  It is not necessary to press 
ENTER after selecting a number.
You can repeat this simple process whenever a setting is not suitable.
Application mode voice rate = number pad MINUS, then F1
Application mode voice pitch = number pad MINUS, then SHIFT and F1.
Master Volume rate  = number pad MINUS then CONTROL and F1.
Navigation mode voice rate  = number pad MINUS then F2.
Navigation mode voice pitch  = number pad MINUS then SHIFT and F2.
Keyboard Echo voice rate = number pad MINUS then F3.
Keyboard Echo voice pitch = number pad MINUS then SHIFT and F3.
Quick Scan voice rate  = number pad MINUS then F4.
Quick Scan voice pitch  = number pad MINUS then SHIFT and F4.

X3	Protalk32 Control Windows.
X3.1	Description Of Protalk32 Control Windows
Protalk32 Control Windows are designed to assist you in customizing or 
adjusting your speech or Braille requirements, without leaving the 
Windows environment.  Once P32 is customized, the only control window 
you will need regularly is the P32 Item Manager, for accessing the icons 
in the Windows 3.1 Program manager or selecting an application button 
function.
Following is a list of all 12 available control windows in P32.
Main windows are grouped together with their associated (or “sub”) 
windows.
The first group consists of three Windows:
Protalk32 Item Manager.
Protalk32 Automatic Tool Trainer.
Protalk32 Edit Tool Name.
The second group consists of four Windows:
Protalk32 Console.
Protalk32 Advanced Settings.
Protalk32 Exception Dictionary Editor.
Protalk32 Character Editor.
The third group consists of four Windows:
Protalk32 Braille Router.
Protalk32 Advanced Braille Settings.
Protalk32 Braille Table Editor.
Protalk32 Braille Cursor Editor.
The fourth group consists of only one Window:
Protalk32 Set Language.
To keep the number of Control Window commands to a minimum, only 
some of the windows can be accessed directly.  The others can be accessed 
from their associated windows, which can be called up with direct key 
commands.  To access the Control Windows, toggle the NUM LOCK 
“ON” so it is running in Protalk32 mode.
Then use one of the following commands to open the window associated 
with each command:
For the P32 ITEM MANAGER, press the PLUS key .
For the P32 CONSOLE, press CONTROL and the MINUS key.
For the P32 ADVANCED SETTINGS Window, press SHIFT and 
CONTROL and the MINUS key.
For the P32 BRAILLE ROUTER, press ALT and the MINUS key.

X3.2	The Protalk32 Item Manager.
In Windows 3.1, the main function of the P32 Item Manager is to provide 
you with access to the icons, menus, toolbars, and buttons of the Windows 
3.1 Program Manager and in your current applications.  In Windows 95, 
since there is no Program Manager, the Item Manager will give you 
access to the programs and folders of the start up button list.   The Item 
Manager also provides access to a list of Windows and Application 
program hot keys, to the training and editing of tool buttons, and, when 
available, to multiple language output.
The P32 Item Manager window basically consists of a large text box, with 
8 command buttons vertically aligned on the right-hand side.  When you 
activate a command button, the text box automatically will list the items 
associated with that particular button, and the field name of the text box, 
which is attached to it, will change to show the function of the text box.  
For instance, if you are working in an application and you press (or 
“access”) the Tools button, all the application buttons and tools that could 
be used will be listed in the text box, and the field name will change to 
"Application Tools."
But when the same button is pressed in the Windows 3.1 Program 
Manager, the Program Manager Icons will be listed and field name will 
change to "Program Manager Icons."
This is a list of the Item Manager’s 8 access buttons:
Tools and Icons
Hot Keys
Auto Training
Train Tools
Edit Tools
OK
Cancel
Help

X3.2.1	How To Navigate In The P32 Item Manager.
When you call up the Item Manager window, it always opens with the 
cursor on the first line of text in the text box.  Varying with whichever 
application or window is called up, the Item Manager will list the names 
of the application groups or application buttons and tools.  The list will be 
accompanied by a readout of the current field name and of the line that 
contains the cursor.
In Windows 3.1, if you call up the Item Manager from within the Program 
Manager, the application groups will be listed in the text box.
If you call up the Item Manager from within an application, the buttons 
and tools that are available will be listed in the text box. 
Except for the application groups in the Windows 3.1 Program Manager, 
P32 lists items in the Item Manager text box in alphabetical order.  
Usually, if you press a letter of the alphabet, the cursor will move to the 
first item that starts with that letter.  If there is no item that starts with the 
letter you press, the cursor will move to the item that has the letter that 
follows the one you pressed.  To go UP or DOWN in the Item Manager, 
use the UP or DOWN cursors.  You can also go to the top and bottom of a 
listing in an Item Manager text box with the PAGE UP and PAGE 
DOWN keys.  To go to the beginning or end of any one listing in the text 
box, use the HOME and END keys.
If you want to access the P32 Item Manager, make sure the NUM LOCK 
is "ON," then press the PLUS on the number pad.
Once in the P32 Item Manager, press TAB or Shift TAB one or more 
times to go to command buttons or functions.
You can also reach buttons directly with the following ALT and 
mnemonic letter key combinations:
ALT and T call up the Tools & Icons window.
ALT and K call up the Hot keys listing window.
ALT and A call up the Auto Training window.
ALT and R call up the Train Tools window.
ALT and E call up the Edit Tools window.
ALT and H call up the Item Manager Help window.
The Item Manager is equipped with a 1-line Status Line Help function for 
when you are unsure of the function of a button or text box.  If you access 
the function, it will give you a condensed description of the function that 
is currently highlighted.
To read the Status Line Help, just press the PERIOD key on the number 
pad.
To read up on the P32 Item Manager, press ALT and the H key, which 
will let you read the chapters on the functions that are available in the 
Item Manager.
To exit the Item Manager without making a selection or using a function, 
press ESCAPE, or TAB to the Cancel button and Enter.

X3.3	The Functions Of The P32 Item Manager Command Buttons.
You can access all of the functions of the command buttons in the Item 
Manager with TAB, SHIFT and TAB, or ALT and a mnemonic letter key 
command.
If you are unsure of the function of the button under the cursor, activate 
the Status Line Help for a condensed description by pressing the PERIOD 
key on the number pad.
To learn more about how to navigate in the P32 Console, read paragraph 
3.2.1, "How To Navigate In The P32 Item Manager."

X3.3.1	The Tools and Icons Button Function.
The Tools and Icons Button has two functions.  If you call up the Item 
Manager from within the Windows 3.1 Program Manager, you 
automatically will be displayed a list of the names of the Applications that 
are in the Program Manager, even those application group windows that 
were reduced to application icons.
If you call up the Item Manager from within an application program, 
instead of a listing of names as you would receive in the Program 
Manager, you will be displayed the buttons and tools of the application.
In either case, you only need to press the Tools and Icons Button if you 
have used another function in the Item Manager and now want to return 
to the application or Buttons and Tools listing.
If you want to access the P32 Item Manager, make sure that NUM LOCK 
is "ON," and press PLUS on the number pad.
To return to the Application or Tools and Button listings use TAB or ALT 
and the T key.
In Windows 3.1, if you want to select and then open an application from 
the text box listings, proceed as follows:
Call up the Item Manager from within the Program Manager.  When you 
open the Item Manager, it will display two text boxes that are separated 
horizontally.  The upper text box will display the names of the 
applications that are listed in the Windows Program Manager, regardless 
of whether they are opened or minimized Group Applications.  The lower 
text box will display the program Icons within the application group, 
associated with the application group name that is under the cursor in the 
upper text box.
To select an application group in the upper text box, cursor down to the 
listing of your choice and press TAB or ENTER to go to the lower text 
box listings.
Then, to select the program icon for the application you want to open, 
cursor down to the program icon you want and press ENTER.  The Item 
Manager will close automatically.
If you accidentally select and enter on the wrong application group name 
in the upper text box, you can return to the upper text box by pressing 
SHIFT and TAB.
Since Windows 95 does not have a Program Manager, applications are 
selected much differently.  Therefore, if you call up the Item Manager 
immediately after starting up your computer, there will be no program 
windows and icons; the application field will be empty.
To select and enter on a button in the text box listings, proceed as follows:
Call up the Item Manager from within the Application.  Once the text box 
is opened, it will display an alphabetical list of all the buttons that are 
used in the application that have been automatically or manually trained.  
To select and then execute the shortcut function, cursor down to the 
button you want and ENTER.

X3.3.2	The Hot Keys Button Function.
When the Item Manager is called up from within the application, the Hot 
keys Button function will display a list of all of the Hot keys and functions 
that P32 can find in the Application.  The list will include the short cut 
keys from the application menus.
In the Item Manager, use either TAB or ALT and the K key to go to the 
Hot keys button.  The Item Manager will display a list of all the current 
Hot keys that are used in the Application program, together with a list of 
the functions of each of the hot keys.  To select and access a Hot key 
function, cursor to your choice and ENTER.
When you call up a Hot Key listing, only Hot Keys that are currently 
active in the application will be displayed.  Temporarily disabled 
application Hot Keys will not be displayed until they are valid.
The Hot key button function display is unaffected by the setting of the 
"Use Short Form of Menu and Dialog" readout in the P32 Advanced 
Settings window.

X3.3.3	The Auto Train Button Function.
Before you use the buttons of any new application, you must train them 
with the P32 button training feature.
In the Item Manager, use either TAB or ALT and the A key to activate the 
auto training button.
When the Auto Train Button function window opens, the cursor will in 
the “Train for tools” text box, listing the name of the application from 
which you opened up the Item Manager.  The display will be accompanied 
by a readout of the current field name and the name of the application.  
You can now go ahead and configure the window to train the buttons.
To learn how to use the Auto Training feature, read chapter 4.3, "Auto 
Training of Application Buttons," and also chapter 
3.3.4, "The Train Tools Button Function."
After the auto button training has been completed, the Item Manager 
immediately will list all the trained buttons in alphabetical order in the 
text box.

X3.3.4	The Train Tools Button Function.
You may have to train application buttons manually if there is an 
incompatibility between the auto train function and your newly-installed 
application.  An incompatibility in the auto train function can mean that 
the auto-train method is partially or completely unsuccessful in training 
application buttons.
Call up the Item Manager from within the application.  There is a 
separate Edit Tool window to use for button and tool training.  Call it up 
by pressing ALT and R to activate the Manual Train button.  The cursor 
will be on the blank line in the From text box.  There will be a readout of 
the field name, and if the readout function for blank lines has been set in 
the P32 Console, you will hear a readout of the words "Blank Line", or a 
beep.
The biggest difference between editing buttons and training buttons in the 
Edit Tool window is that if the training function has been selected, no 
buttons and tools will be listed or available.
Once in this window, proceed to train the application buttons manually, 
following the instructions that are listed in chapter 4.5, "Manually 
Training Application Buttons."
Once the manual button training has been completed and the Edit Tool 
window is closed, the Item Manager immediately will list all the trained 
buttons alphabetically in the text box.

X3.3.5	The Edit Tools Button Function.
The Edit Tools Function lets you edit and customize toolbar or tool button 
names that have been previously trained.
In the Item Manager, TAB to the Edit Tools button, or ALT and the E 
key.
Call up the Item Manager from within the application.  Then activate the 
Edit Tools button by pressing ALT and E to call up a list of all buttons 
that are used in the application from which you called up the Item 
manager.  The display will be accompanied by a readout of the current 
field name and the name of the button under the cursor.
Go ahead with the editing process by following the instructions in chapter 
4.4, "Editing Application Buttons."
When the button editing has been completed and the edit tool window is 
closed, the Item Manager in the textbox will once again immediately list 
all the recently trained and edited buttons alphabetically.

X3.3.6	The Cancel Button Function.
When you execute the Cancel button function, you will exit the P32 Item 
Manager, and will cancel any adjustments made since you opened the 
window.
To exit the Item Manager, press ESCAPE or TAB to the Cancel button.

X3.3.7	The Help Button Function.
Every P32 call-up window has a help button feature, which when pressed 
will open up the P32 Help window to provide access to chapters on the 
features of the current window.
In the Item Manager,  use ALT and the H key, or TAB to the Help button.
When you press the Help button, you open up the P32 Help program, 
which will display an index of the features of the Item Manager.
Cursor through the index to the topic you need, and ENTER.  When you 
close the Help you will be returned to the window from which you called 
up help; in this case, the Item Manager.

X3.4	The Protalk32 Control Console.
The Protalk32 Console is a central control window for customizing 
speech-related output settings.
Designed for easy adjustment, the P32 console meets the requirements of 
users who work mostly in major Windows Applications such as Word 
processors, Spreadsheets, and Data Bases.
Power users who require more advanced or customized settings should see 
chapter 3.11, “The Advanced Settings Window.”
Here is a list of all the functions in the P32 Console.
They are listed in the same order as they are grouped in the Console 
window.
Starting from the top left corner, the next 6 functions are voice rate 
settings, which are adjustable by increasing or decreasing the number 
from 0 to 9.
Voice settings are listed in 2 columns, one for rate and one for pitch.
1.	Application voice rate and pitch.
2.	Keyboard voice rate and pitch.
3.	Navigation voice rate and pitch.
4.	Scan voice rate and pitch.
5.	Speech Volume control.
6.	Keyboard sensitivity.
Below the voice group and across the window there are four columns of 
one listing each:
The next four functions have radio button activation.
1.	Blanks Readout - Off, Beeped, or Spoken.
2.	Punctuation Readout - Off, Interactive, or On.
3.	Capitalization - Off, Read as "CAP", or Raised Pitch.
4.	Tables - Off, Track by Pitch, or Track full On.
Below the Radio button group across the window there are two columns of 
five listings each:
Each of the next 10 functions has a checkbox for setting purposes.
1.	Detect Words - Check or Unchecked.
2.	Fast Track Mode - Check or Unchecked.
3.	Read Blocks in a Scan Voice - Check or Unchecked.
4.	Read Letter before Deleting - Check or Unchecked.
5.	Read Application Hot keys function- Check or Unchecked.
6.	Language Switching - Check or Unchecked.
7.	Detect Icons - Check or Unchecked.
8.	Read Protalk32 key Functions - Check or Unchecked.
9.	Spell Keyboard input - Check or Unchecked.
10.	Use 3D Sound - Check or Unchecked.
These are all the command buttons in the Protalk32 Console window.
The buttons are listed on the right side of the window in 2 arranged 
groups.  The first, the top group, consists of execution buttons, while the 
second group contains the access buttons to other control windows.
The first group contains 3 buttons:
1.	Accept (or ENTER).
2.	Cancel (or ESCAPE).
3.	Help
The second group contains 4 buttons:
1.	Exception Editor.
2.	Character Editor.
3.	Braille Router.
4.	Advanced Settings.

X3.5	How To Navigate In The Console Window.
To access the Console, press CONTROL and the MINUS key from the 
numberpad.
When the Console window opens, the Cursor will be on the first rate 
adjustment box, which is for the Application Voice.
To move to other Rate settings or functions in the Console, press TAB 
however many times are needed.
To reach functions directly, use ALT and one of the following mnemonic 
letter keys:
ALT and A to adjust the Application Voice Rate setting, then TAB to 
adjust Pitch.
ALT and K to adjust the Keyboard Voice Rate setting, then TAB to adjust 
Pitch.
ALT and N to adjust the Navigation Voice Rate setting, then TAB to 
adjust Pitch.
ALT and S to adjust the Scanning Voice Rate setting, then TAB to adjust 
Pitch.
ALT and L to adjust the Speech Volume.
ALT and Y to adjust the Keyboard Sensitivity.
ALT and R to go to the current Blanks Read radio button readout setting.
ALT and P to go to the current Punctuation Read radio button readout 
setting.
ALT and C to go to the current Capitalization readout radio button 
readout setting.
ALT and T to go to the current Table tracking readout radio button 
setting.
ALT and G or ALT and 1 to go to the Detect Words checkbox.
ALT and 2 to go to the Fast Track mode checkbox.
ALT and 3 to go to the Read Blocks in Scan Voice checkbox.
ALT and 4 to go to the Read Letter before Deleting checkbox.
ALT and 5 to go to the Read or Display Application Hot keys function 
checkbox.
ALT and 6 to go to the Language Switching checkbox.
ALT and 7 to go to the Read or Display Icons checkbox.
ALT and 8 to go to the Read or Display Protalk Key Function checkbox.
ALT and 9 to go to the Spell Keyboard Input checkbox.
ALT and 0 to go to the Use 3D Sound checkbox.
ALT and H to call up the Console Help window.
ALT and X to call up the Exception Editor window.
ALT and E to call up the Character Editor window.
ALT and B to call up the Braille Router window.
ALT and V to call up the Advanced Settings window.
If you are unsure of the function of an adjustment, readout setting, or 
checkbox function, the Console is equipped with a 1-line Status Line 
Help, which provides a condensed description of the currently highlighted 
function.  To activate the Status Line Help, press the PERIOD key on the 
number pad.
To read up on the P32 Console, press ALT and H to open up the chapters 
on the functions that are available in the Console.
To exit the Console and save the adjustments, press ENTER or TAB to 
the Accept button and ENTER.
To leave and cancel all adjustments, press ESCAPE or TAB to the Cancel 
button and ENTER.

X3.5.1	How To Adjust Level Settings In The Console.
The P32 Console can be called up by pressing CONTROL together with 
the MINUS on the numberpad.
There are four different voice settings in the Console, each of which can 
be adjusted both for rate and pitch.  Only the rate settings can be directly 
accessed with ALT and a mnemonic key command.  To move to the 
associated pitch setting, press TAB once.
When the Console window opens the cursor will be on the first rate 
adjustment box, which is for the Application Voice Rate.  To move to the 
Application Voice Pitch adjustment box,  press TAB once.
To move to the other Voice rate or pitch settings, press TAB two or more 
times.  Or, to reach the rate settings directly, use ALT and a mnemonic 
letter key.
Use TAB or ALT and a mnemonic letter key to reach the Volume (or 
Sensitivity) settings.
When the cursor is over a function setting, you can adjust it as follows:
Press the UP cursor to increase the setting and the DOWN cursor to 
decrease it.  Or, simply type in a number from 0 to 9 to change the setting.  
After a setting is changed, there will be a readout of the new number.
Note: Changing the setting by clicking the mouse cursor on the UP or 
DOWN arrows will change the setting in the window but will not 
highlight the entry, which is necessary if the program is to accept the new 
setting.
The function settings will be saved and the Console will close only after 
you press the ENTER button.  If you press ESCAPE instead of ENTER, 
the Console window will close but the settings will all revert to what they 
were before the Console was opened.
To exit the Console and save the adjustments, press ENTER, or TAB to 
the Accept button and ENTER.
To leave the window and cancel any adjustments, press ESCAPE, or TAB 
to the Cancel button and ENTER.
The settings will be saved in whatever setting appears on the screen.
Make sure that all the settings are set as you want them before you press 
ENTER.
If you are unsure of what a certain function does, press the PERIOD key 
on the number pad to receive its condensed description from the Status 
Line Help.

X3.6	How To Set Radio Button Functions In The Protalk32 Console.
Call up the P32 Console with CONTROL and MINUS.  TAB to the radio 
button of the Function that you want to change.
Or, to reach a radio button directly, use ALT and a mnemonic letter key.
Both methods will set the cursor on the radio button of the current 
function.
Only one radio button can ever be ON at one time.  When you set a new 
radio button, the previous one will switch OFF.
To adjust a radio button, use the cursor keys to go UP or DOWN to the 
radio button you want to work with.  If a button is activated there will be a 
readout of its function and that it is “checked”.
The Console will close and save the changes only when you press 
ENTER.  If you press ESCAPE instead of ENTER the window will close 
but the buttons will revert to their former settings.
Make sure all the buttons are set exactly as you want them before you 
press ENTER, or they will all be saved.
If you are unsure of the function of a button, set the cursor on the button, 
then press PERIOD on the number pad for a condensed description from 
the Status Line Help.

X3.6.1	Selecting a Blank Line Warning.
You have three choices for how P32 will respond to blank lines and spaces 
when navigating through text:  Off, Beep, or Spoken.
When the Blanks readout is in Beep mode, there will be two beeps when 
the cursor moves over a blank line, and one beep when it moves over a 
blank space.
When the Blanks readout is in Spoken mode, there will be a readout of the 
words, BLANK LINE when the cursor passes a blank line, or BLANK 
when the cursor passes a space between characters.
Use the P32 Console window to select a Blanks Readout radio button.
Call up the P32 Console with CONTROL and MINUS.  Use TAB or ALT 
and the R key to move to the current Blanks Readout button.
Press UP or DOWN to change to another setting.  The previous Blank 
selection will be automatically canceled when the setting is changed.
To save the new Blanks Readout button setting and exit the Console, press 
ENTER.  If you press ESCAPE instead of ENTER, the Console window 
will close, but the buttons will revert to their previous settings.
Or, to make a Blank Line Warning selection without calling up the 
Console, press MINUS on the number pad MINUS to activate the 
secondary function.  Then press CONTROL with F7 to select a Blanks 
readout button.  Repeat CONTROL and F7 until you reach the desired 
setting.
The default setting for reading blank lines is "Spoken."

X3.6.2	Punctuation Toggle.
There are three possible readout modes for Punctuation: Off, Interactive, 
and On.  In Interactive mode, punctuation is readout when you cursor 
from character to character or if you activate a read word command, but 
not when you execute readout commands.  In read commands, and when 
cursoring line to line, the characters are sent directly to the synthesizer.  
In the ON mode, Protalk32 will always translate all punctuation codes 
through the Character Dictionary.  In the OFF mode all characters are, 
like the read commands in interactive mode, sent directly to the 
synthesizer.
Punctuation settings are only valid for speech output, with Braille all 
characters are sent directly to the Braille device.
In the Character Editor you can set characters to Interactive Punctuation 
readout.
To access the Character Editor, go to the P32 Console, then use ALT and 
the E key.
Use the P32 Console window to select the Punctuation radio button.
Call up the P32 Console with CONTROL and MINUS.  Use ALT and P 
or TAB to the Punctuation radio button that is currently set.
Press the UP or DOWN cursors to change the setting.  The previous 
Punctuation setting automatically will be canceled when you make the 
new setting.  There will be a readout every time you activate a new button.
Press ENTER to save the new Punctuation button setting and exit the 
Console.  If you want to close the Console without saving any new 
changes, press ESCAPE instead of ENTER.
To change the Punctuation readout options without calling up the 
Console, press MINUS on the number pad to activate the secondary 
function, then press F7 until you reach the desired punctuation setting.
The default setting in the P32 Console for punctuation readout is 
"Interactive."

X3.6.3	Capitalization Toggle.
When the Capitalization Readout function is set at Read, P32 will say the 
word 'Cap' before all capitalized letters and 'Cap Cap' before capitalized 
words or capitalized letter combinations.  When Capitalization is set at 
Raised Pitch, P32 will raise the Pitch level when the cursor goes over a 
capitalized character.  Since Capitalization settings are part of a speech-
based function, they do not affect Braille output.
Use the P32 Console window to change Capitalization Readout options.
Call up the P32 Console with CONTROL and MINUS.  Use TAB or ALT 
and C to go to the current Capitalization button.
Press UP or DOWN to change the setting.  The previous Capitalization 
setting will be automatically canceled when you make a new one.  There 
will be a readout every time you activate a new button.
Press ENTER to save the new Capitalization button setting and exit the 
Console.  If you want to close the window without saving any changes, 
press ESCAPE instead of ENTER.
If you want to change a Capitalization option without calling up the 
Console, press MINUS on the number pad to activate the second function, 
then press SHIFT and F7 until you get to the Capitalization readout option 
you want.
The default setting in the P32 Console for Capitalization readout is 
"OFF."

X3.6.4	Detect Table Toggle.
When the Detect Tables toggle is switched to one of the two Table Track 
settings, P32 automatically detects and reads table and newspaper 
columns or labels.  When Table Detect is set to Track by Pitch, labels and 
columns in documents are indicated by a change in the pitch of the 
readout.  The pitch ascends or descends depending on the direction you 
are traveling through multiple columns.  When Table Detect is set at Full, 
Pitch Change is turned off and Auto Tracking is activated, which treats 
each label and column as a separate document.
When the Detect Tables toggle is switched Off, P32 reads across the width 
of the page if it runs into multiple tables or newspaper columns.
Use the P32 Console window to select the required Table Detect radio 
button.
Call up the P32 Console with CONTROL and MINUS.  Use TAB or the 
ALT and T key command to move to the currently set Table Detect 
button.  Next, press the UP or DOWN cursors to change the setting.
The former Table Detect selection automatically will be canceled when 
the setting is changed.  There will be a readout every time you activate a 
new button.
To save the new Table Detect button setting and exit the Console press 
ENTER.  The Console will close and the new button automatically will be 
saved and activated.  If  you press ESCAPE instead of ENTER, the 
Console window will close but changes will be invalidated and settings 
will revert to what they were before the Console was opened.
To make a Table Detect selection without calling up the Console, press 
MINUS on the number pad to activate its secondary function, then press 
SHIFT and CONTROL and F7 to select the next Table Detect readout 
button, repeating the command until the correct button is selected.
Also read chapter 5.6, "How To Read or Design Tables And Columns."
The default setting in the P32 Console for Table Detect is "Track by 
pitch."

X3.7	How To Set Check Boxes In The Protalk32 Console.
Call up the P32 Console with CONTROL and MINUS.  TAB to General 
Settings listing, which contains check boxes.  Or, to reach the check boxes 
directly, use either ALT and G or ALT and 1, both of which will send the 
cursor to the word detect function check box.  You can use either TAB or 
one of the four cursor direction keys to move from one check box to 
another.
When the cursor is on a function that you want to activate or de-activate, 
toggle the SPACEBAR.  Toggling the SPACEBAR will check or uncheck 
the setting.
You can change as many functions as you wish.  Press ENTER when you 
are ready to close the Console and save the settings.  If you press ESCAPE 
instead of ENTER, the Console will close but the settings will return to 
their former settings.  Make sure that all the settings are exactly as you 
want them before you press ENTER; otherwise, they will be saved as they 
appear on the screen.
If you are unsure of the function of a check box, press PERIOD on the 
number pad for a condensed description from the Status Line Help.

X3.7.1	Detect Words Checkbox.
When the Detect Words feature is checked, P32 will read entire words as 
you cursor from word to word in a line or a block of text.  If the checkbox 
is unchecked, P32 will spell the characters as the cursor passes over them.
Use ALT and G or ALT and 1 to go to the Detect Words checkbox.
The default setting for the Detect Words Checkbox is “checked”.

X3.7.2	Fast Track Mode Checkbox.
The Fast track Mode is particularly designed for Communications and 
Spreadsheet-type programs, where relevant text or data is often displayed 
elsewhere than where the cursor is located.
When the Fast Track Mode checkbox is checked, P32 detects relevant text 
and words from more than one area.  If Fast track Mode is unchecked, 
P32 automatically works in its normal text mode.
Use the ALT and 2 key command to go to the Fast Track mode checkbox.
The default setting for the Fast Track Mode Checkbox is “unchecked”.

X3.7.3	Read Blocks In Scan Voice Checkbox.
When the Read Blocks In Scan Voice checkbox is checked, P32 will read 
all marked blocks of text at the rate and pitch of the Scan Voice.
When the checkbox is unchecked, P32 will read all marked blocks of  text 
at the rate and pitch of the application voice.
Use the ALT and 3 key command to go to the Read Blocks in Scan Voice 
checkbox.
The default setting for the Read Blocks In Scan Voice Checkbox is 
“checked”.
To change the Read Blocks In Scan Voice setting without calling up the 
P32 Console, press MINUS on the number pad to activate its secondary 
function, then press F8.

X3.7.4	Read Letter Before Deleting Checkbox.
When Read Letter Before Deleting is checked, P32 will read the character 
that is about to be deleted when you press Backspace or Delete.  When 
Read Letter Before Deleting is unchecked, the new letter under the cursor 
will be read out.
Use the ALT and 4 key command to go to the Read Letter Before Delete 
checkbox.
The default setting for Read Letter Before Deleting is “unchecked”.

X3.7.5	Read Application Hotkey Function Checkbox.
When the Read Application Hotkey Function checkbox is checked, 
readout for hotkey functions will differ from normal keyboard input.  If 
the Read Application Hotkey Function and Spell Keyboard Input 
checkboxes are both checked, keyboard input will be spelled but the 
application hotkey function will be spoken.  For instance, if you are 
working in MS Word and you press Control and B, which are the hotkeys 
that make text bold, the computer will read “BOLD.”
When the Spell Keyboard Function is not checked, application hotkeys 
will be silent when they are used.
Use the ALT and 5 key command to go to the Read or Display 
Application Hotkeys Function checkbox.
The default setting for Read Application Hotkey is “checked”.

X3.7.6	Language Switching Checkbox.
When the Enable Language Switching checkbox is checked, P32 
automatically will let speech synthesizers use languages other than 
English.  You can switch only between languages that are supported by 
your speech synthesizer.
When the Enable Language Switching checkbox is unchecked, P32 uses 
the domestic language of the version of P32 in use.
Read also chapter 5.4, "P32 And Language Switching."
Use the ALT and 6 key command to go to the Language Switching 
checkbox.
The default setting for the Enable Language Switching Checkbox is 
“checked”.

X3.7.7	Read or Display Icon Association Checkbox.
In newer applications, and especially in the more sophisticated 
applications, a trend is growing among developers to  abbreviate menu 
function listings and add accompanying icons that display functions 
graphically.  P32’s Read or Display Icon Association feature is helpful in 
such applications.  In Windows 3.1, for example, the directories and files 
of the File Manager are all preceded by icons, which indicate open or 
closed files and if the file is an application or a document.
Many items in the Windows 95 start up list are preceded by an icon that 
indicates if they are a program or a folder.  Reading those icons with P32 
cuts down on the time it takes to find the application or file you want to 
open.  For this reason it is recommended that you keep the Read or 
Display Icon Association function checked.
When the Read or Display Icon Association is checked, P32 will Read or 
Display the function that is associated with an icon in addition to its 
name.  When the function is not checked, only the name attached to the 
icon will be Read or Displayed.
Use the ALT and 7 key command to go to the Read or Display Icon 
Association checkbox.
The default setting for the Read or Display Icon Association Checkbox is 
“checked”.

X3.7.8	Read Protalk Key Function Checkbox.
When the Read Protalk Key Function Checkbox is checked, any P32 
hotkey command that you use will be read or displayed.  For example, if 
you press the 4 key on the numberpad, P32 will read, "Read word to the 
left of application cursor", and will then read the word.
When the Read Protalk Key Function Checkbox is unchecked, hotkey 
commands will be executed but will not be accompanied by a readout.

Use the ALT and 8 key command to go to the Read or Display Protalk 
Key Function checkbox.

(Without calling the P32 Console toggle the P32 readout function between 
“On” or “Off”, with the Numlock “ON” press CONTROL and PLUS on 
the number pad.)  Read also chapter 6.2.2   "Toggling the 
Readout/Display of Protalk32 Key Functions."

The default setting for the Read Protalk Key Function Checkbox is 
“unchecked”.

3.7.9   Spell Keyboard Input Checkbox.
When the Spell Keyboard Input Checkbox is checked, all keyboard input 
is read out, regardless of the Sensitivity setting; the Spell Keyboard Input 
function takes precedence.

Use the ALT and 9 key command to go to the Spell Keyboard Input 
checkbox.

The default setting for the Spell Keyboard Input Checkbox is 
“unchecked”.

3.7.10  Use 3D Sound Checkbox.
This feature is only available on computers with a Stereo Multi Media 
sound card or Dedicated and Stereo Multi Media sound cards.
When Use 3D Sound is checked, the left and right movements of the 
mouse and the application cursor can be detected.  If Q-sound is used, up 
and down perspective is also possible.

Use the ALT and 0 key command to go to the Use 3D Sound checkbox.

Read also chapter 5.3, "Navigating with The Mouse Cursor".

The default setting for Use 3D Sound is “unchecked”.

X3.8	How To Get To Other Control Windows In The P32 Console.
Call up the P32 Console with CONTROL and MINUS.
Use TAB or SHIFT and TAB to move to the command button for the 
control window you want.  Or, to reach a command button directly, use 
ALT and one of the following mnemonic letter keys:
For the Exception Editor, press ALT and the X key.
For the Character Editor, press ALT and E key.
For the Braille Router, press ALT and B key.
For the Advanced Settings, press ALT and V key.
Once the cursor is on the command button you want, press ENTER to 
open the Window.
If you are unsure of the function of a command button, press PERIOD on 
the number pad for a condensed description from Status Line Help.

X3.9	The Exception Dictionary Editor Window.
The Exception dictionary editor lets you enter, alter, customize or delete 
words in the P32 speech dictionary.  Often, you will need to use the 
Exception Dictionary to correct mispronounced names.  The Dictionary 
Editor is accessible from your application program and can hold up to 
1000 names or words of  up to 30 letters in length.
The Exception Editor Window consists of a two one-line text boxes, with 
six general purpose command buttons on the right-hand side and a Status 
Line Help at the bottom.
These are the 2 text boxes and their field names as they appear in the 
Exception Dictionary Editor window:
1.	Original (a “cursor-down” text box).
2.	Replacement (a one-line text box).
These are the six command buttons that are beside the text boxes:
1.	Accept (or ENTER).
2.	Cancel (or ESCAPE).
3.	New Word.
4.	Delete.
5.	Test.
6.	Help

X3.9.1	How To Navigate In The Exception Dictionary Editor Window.
You can go into the Exception Dictionary to make changes to the 
Exception table with one of the following two methods:
Call up the P32 Console with CONTROL and  Minus, then TAB to the 
Exception button and press ENTER.   
Or, access the Exception Dictionary directly, by pressing MINUS and then 
Shift and F6.
When the window opens, the cursor will be on the first line, which is 
blank, and called "Original".  There will be a readout of the field name 
and then the words, “Blank Line”.  Next, all previous entries to the 
exception dictionary will be listed alphabetically, starting on the second 
line in the Original text box.
To move to another Function, use the TAB key or ALT and one of the 
following mnemonic letter keys:
ALT and O send you to the line called, “Original”.
ALT and R send you to the one-line text box called “Replacement”.
ALT and N press the New Word button.
ALT and D press the Delete button.
ALT and T press the Test button.
ALT and H call up the Exception Dictionary Editor Help window.
To accept the word and move on to the next word to be entered in the 
Dictionary, press ALT and N or TAB to New Word button and ENTER.
To accept the word and exit the window press ENTER, or TAB to the 
Accept button and ENTER.
To exit the Exception Dictionary Editor Window without making any 
adjustments or using any functions, press ESCAPE or TAB to the Cancel 
button and ENTER.
If you are unsure about the function of the text box or button under the 
cursor, press PERIOD on the number pad for a condensed description 
from the Status Line Help.

X3.9.2	How To Enter, Edit Or Delete Words In The Exception 
	Dictionary.
To enter a new word, type the word into the Original text box.  Then press 
ALT and R or TAB to the Replacement text box and type in the word 
again, but this time phonetically.  To check the pronunciation, press ALT 
and T, or TAB to the Test button and ENTER.  Both words will be sent to 
the speech synthesizer for a comparison readout.  When the pronunciation 
is satisfactory, press ENTER or ALT and N to accept.
To edit a word that is already in the exception dictionary, type the first 
letter of the word in the Original text box.  The first word starting with 
that letter will be listed on the top line.  Cursor down to the word to be 
edited and then press ALT and R or TAB to the replacement box.
Change the phonetic pronunciation to "force" the way it should be 
pronounced.
Follow the same instructions for accepting the word and exiting as for 
entering a new word in the exception Dictionary.
To DELETE an existing word in the exception dictionary, type the first 
letter of the word in the Original text box.  The first word starting with 
that letter will be displayed on the first line.  Cursor down to the word to 
be deleted and press ALT and D or TAB to the DELETE button and 
ENTER.
Pressing the Delete button will not close the P32 Exception Dictionary 
Editor window, but highlight the next entry in the Original text box.  To 
exit after deleting, press ESCAPE or TAB to the CANCEL button and 
ENTER. 

X3.10	The Protalk32 Character Editor Window.
The Character Dictionary Editor lets you enable, disable, and redirect the 
readout of punctuation characters.  The Enable Interactive Readout 
function also lets you determine if punctuation characters should be read 
when the cursor passes over them but not when you are executing reading 
commands.
The Character Editor Window consists of two one-line text boxes, a 
checkbox, three general purpose command buttons on the right-hand side, 
and a Status Line Help at the bottom of the window.
These are the two text boxes and their field names as they appear in the 
Punctuation Editor window:
1.	Character (a multiple line or “scroll” text box).
2.	Character Name (a one line text box).
There is a checkbox underneath the text boxes, which is the Enable 
Interactive Readout checkbox.
These command buttons are listed beside the checkbox:
1.	OK (or ENTER).
2.	Cancel (or ESCAPE).
3.	Help.

X3.10.1	How To Navigate In The Character Editor Window.
To enable or disable characters in the Punctuation table, go into the 
Character Dictionary by calling up the P32 Console with CONTROL and  
Minus, or TAB to the Punctuation button and press ENTER.  You can 
also access the Punctuation Dictionary directly by pressing MINUS, then 
ALT and F7.
When the window opens, the cursor will be on the first line of a multiple-
line text box called "Character".  There will be a readout of the field name 
and the first punctuation character that is listed.
To move to an another textbox or function, use TAB, or press ALT and 
one of the following mnemonic letter keys:.
ALT and C go to the multi-line text box called, “Character.”
ALT and N go to the one-line text box called, “Character Name.”
ALT and E go to the Enable Interactive Readout checkbox.
ALT and H call up the Character Editor Help window.
To accept the newly-configured Punctuation Table and exit the window, 
press ENTER or TAB to the OK button and Enter.
To exit the Punctuation table without making changes or accepting the 
new configurations, press the ESCAPE key, or TAB to the Cancel button 
and Enter.
If you are unsure of the function of the text box or button under the cursor, 
press PERIOD on the number pad for a condensed description from the 
Status Line Help.

X3.10.2	How To Edit The Punctuation Dictionary.
The Character text box lists all non-letter or punctuation characters 
together with their given names.  For example, one entry might be the 
character of a question mark, “?”, followed by a space, and then the 
words, “Question Mark.”  To edit, cursor down to the character to be 
edited and press ALT and the N key, or, TAB to the Character Name text 
box where the Dictionary name of the character is listed, then edit the 
punctuation character as required.
Edit as many punctuation characters as you require.  Each time you select 
a new character, the most recently edited character is automatically saved.
When you are finished and ready to leave the Character Name text box, 
exit and save the final character by pressing ENTER, or TAB to the Enter 
button and ENTER.
To exit without saving any of the changes you have made, press ESCAPE, 
or TAB to the CANCEL button and ENTER.

X3.10.3	Selecting Interactive Readout For Individual Punctuation 
Characters.
By selecting punctuatation characters in the character editor for 
interactive readout you instruct Protalk32 to send the punctuation to the 
dictionary where it will look up the name, and then forward it to the 
synthesizer for pronounciation.
Punctuation characters not selected in the dictionary are sent directly to 
the synthesizer and then, depending upon the synthezisers capability, are 
either spoken or kept silent.
To select punctuation characters that should NOT be sent to the character 
dictionary when cursoring, cursor down to the character in the Character 
text box and then press ALT and E, or TAB to the Enable Interactive 
Readout checkbox.  Press the SPACEBAR once to uncheck Enable 
Interactive Readout for the highlighted character.  Then press ALT and C 
or SHIFT and TAB to return to the Character text box to change more 
characters.
The character you have changed will be saved automatically when you 
move on to change the next character.  When you have completely 
finished and are ready to exit, save the most recent punctuation checkbox 
setting by pressing Enter, or TAB to the Enter button and ENTER.
To exit without saving any changes, press ESCAPE or TAB to the 
CANCEL button and ENTER.  All punctuation characters will return to 
their previous settings.
The Interactive Readout default setting for all punctuation characters in 
the Character Dictionary is “Checked.”

X3.11	The Advanced Settings Window.
The purpose of the Advanced Settings console is providing functions to 
improve cursor tracking in incompatible applications, and fine tune how 
Protalk32 interacts with the application to improve compatibility.
Until all applications are completely Windows compatible and cursor 
tracking is automatically controlled, you can significantly improve P32’s 
cursor tracking performance by customizing the cursor tracking settings.  
Customized cursor tracking is in some cases even faster than automatic 
cursor tracking, especially in Windows-compatible applications.
Novice users are recommended to use default settings only before trying to 
make individual cursor tracking adjustments.
Once you have a good understanding of the individual tracking features of 
Windows applications, you can try to improve performance by 
experimenting with the different radio button settings.  Unfortunately, it is 
impossible for us to provide instructions for adjusting each program, as 
there are thousands of Windows applications in use.  Once you become an 
experienced user, you will be able to notice the differences in cursor 
tracking and will be able to adjust to your preference.
Reminder: P32 should let you access most Windows applications 
automatically.  The settings in the Advanced Settings window can help 
you improve compatibilty.  You should use caution when you take 
Protalk32 off the automatic settings in the Advanced settings console in 
certain circumstances you will be limiting it’s ability to adapt to different 
part of the application.  Sometimes even default settings malfunction.
Only when the new operation systems that are currently under 
development become widely used can we expect near-perfect 
compatibility.
To read up on the functions of the P32 Advanced Settings Console, press 
ALT and the H key to open up the P32 help.
Except for the 4 Miscellaneous functions that have checkboxes, the 
functions in the Advanced Settings Console have radio button selectors.
Here is a list of the functions in the P32 Advanced Settings Console.
Following the path of the TAB key, starting from the top left corner, are 
the following functions:
1.	The Cursor tracking field box (containing 4 radio buttons).
2.	The Favour Cursor Type field box (containing 4 radio buttons).
3.	The Dialog Tracking field box (containing 3 radio buttons).
4.	The Color Reading field box (containing 3 radio buttons).
5.	The Mouse tracking field box (containing 3 radio buttons).
6.	The Text tracking field box (containing 4 radio buttons).
8.	The Miscellaneous Options field box (containing 6 checkboxes).
There are three command buttons listed next to the Favour Cursor Type 
field box and above the group of miscellaneous options:
1.	OK (or ENTER).
2.	Cancel (or ESCAPE).
3.	Help.

X3.11.1	How To Navigate In The Advanced Settings Window.
First use the SHIFT and CONTROL and MINUS key combination to call 
up the Advanced Settings window.  When the window opens, the cursor 
will be on the radio button of the first function, "Cursor Tracking."
To move to an another Function, use the TAB key, or use ALT and one of 
the following mnemonic letter keys:
ALT and C go to the Cursor Tracking radio button.
ALT and F go to the Favour Cursor Type radio button.
ALT and D go to the Dialog Tracking radio button.
ALT and R go to the Color Reading radio button.
ALT and M go to the Mouse Tracking radio button.
ALT and T go to the Text Tracking radio button.
ALT and O or ALT and 1 go to the Block Read Assist checkbox.
ALT and 2 go to the Window Refresh checkbox.
ALT and 3 go to the Save Settings Specific to Application checkbox.
ALT and 4 go to the Use Short Form of Menu and Dialog Readout 
checkbox.
ALT and 5 go to the Relative Position Read and Display checkbox.
ALT and 6 go to the Set Spell or Spoken Numbers checkbox.
ALT and H call up the Advanced Settings Help window.
When the cursor is on the active radio button, use the UP or DOWN 
cursor keys to go to the radio button you want.  Then press the 
SPACEBAR to toggle between the “checked” and “unchecked” settings.
Then use TAB to go the next check box function you want to adjust.
Although you will hear a readout whenever you change a function setting, 
the setting will not be saved and activated until the Advanced Settings 
window is closed.
Only one radio button can be ON at one time.  When you turn a button 
ON, the previously set button will automatically turn OFF.  You can 
activate as many functions as you wish.  The settings will only saved when 
you press ENTER and the Advanced Settings window closes.  If you want 
to exit the window and have the settings return to their former positions, 
press ESCAPE instead of ENTER.  Make sure all the settings are the way 
you want them before you press ENTER or they will be saved as they 
appear on the screen.
If you are unsure of the function of a button or checkbox, press PERIOD 
on the number pad for a condensed description from the Status Line Help.

X3.12	How To Customize Settings

X3.12.1	Customizing Cursor Tracking.
Strict setting:
The Strict setting is the fastest cursor tracking method possible.  In this 
setting, P32 follows only the true application cursor. Use this setting only 
in 100% Windows-compatible programs.
Flexible setting:
The second-fastest cursor tracking method, the Flexible setting lets P32 
track non-standard cursors, as long as the cursor in use is in alignment 
with the text.  You can detect that the cursor is out of alignment when for 
instance the text on the line above is read instead of on the current line.
Loose setting:
The slowest cursor tracking method, Loose lets P32 tracks the cursor in 
respect to its location in the text.  In this instance Protalk32 associates text 
mathematically located closest to the cursor
Automatic setting:  
Depending on the circumstances, if at all possible P32 tracks in whichever 
tracking method is the best suited.
Use the ALT and C key command to go to the Cursor tracking function 
radio button.
The default setting for Customizing Cursor Tracking is “automatic.”

X3.12.2	Customizing The Favoured Cursor Type.
Use this adjustment when P32 can’t recognize which type of cursor is 
being used for instance, if you are using a spreadsheet application and P32 
keeps reading the entire row of text instead of only the contents of the 
current cell.
Word processor setting: Used exclusively for word processors.
Spreadsheet and Database setting: Used exclusively in Spreadsheet or 
Database programs, where primarily cells or data sheets are used.
Telecommunication setting: Used for telecommunications programs that 
use multiple cursors.  Used also for reading Hypertext in application Help 
and Internet access programs.  See chapter 5.9 “Protalk32 and Internet 
Access.”
Automatic setting: Automatic is the default mode; this setting should be 
fine for most applications.
Use the ALT and F key command to go to the Favour Cursor Type 
function radio button.
The default setting for Customizing Favour Cursor Type is “automatic”.

X3.12.3	Customizing Dialog Box Tracking.
Developers sometimes use non-standard dialog boxes.  If you have 
problems trying to access a dialog box, try making adjustments to the 
Dialog Box Tracking.  Sometimes, even different dialog boxes in the same 
application follow different rules.
Standard setting: Only for dialog boxes in 100% Windows-compatible 
programs.
Custom setting: For use in programs that have non-standard (or “custom”) 
dialog boxes.  In a non standard or incompatible dialog box you are 
denied access to one or more of the functions.
Automatic setting: .  If at all possible P32 uses the Standard and Custom 
settings either alone or in combination, depending which is appropriate.
Use the ALT and D key command to go to the Dialog tracking function 
radio button.
The default setting for Customizing Dialog Box Tracking is “automatic 
detection”.

X3.12.4	Customizing Color Reading.
When Color Reading is set there is readout when the Enhanced Read 
feature is activated.  Since modern computers can distinguish between 16 
million or more different colours the readout feature had to be somewhat 
limited.
Absolute RGB setting: Is the color readout rounded to the nearest 
percentages of Red, Green and Blue.
Color name setting: The color combination is rounded off to the closest 
color from a selection of 16 colours.
Use the ALT and R key command to go to the Color Reading function 
radio button.
The default setting for Customizing Color Reading is set to Color Name.

X3.12.5	Customizing Mouse Tracking.
If you use Mouse Tracking, you should know that although you may have 
accurate readout, the mouse cursor will not necessarily be in the exact 
position you require.  Although Mouse Tracking is to a certain extent 
useful, for the novice user it should remain only an orientation tool.
See chapter 5.3, "Navigating With The Mouse Cursor."
Object-Oriented Setting: Names of passed-over objects are read out.
When the mouse cursor moves too quickly over an object, the readout 
becomes chopped.
Touch Tracking Setting: When the mouse cursor moves, the pixels under 
the mouse pointer are shown on the Braille display.  Touch Tracking is a 
“real time bitmap” that is centered on the display around the mouse 
cursor.
The Touch Tracking feature provides Braille users, within the limits of 
the height and width of the display line, with the ability to recognize 
graphic images.
Use the ALT and M key command to go to the Mouse tracking function 
radio button.
The default setting for Customizing Mouse Tracking is “Off”.

X3.12.6	Customizing Text Tracking.
In Windows and Windows applications, the most critical task of a screen 
reading program is its ability to track the cursor.  The tracking method 
used by the program cursor determines how a cursor interacts with the 
text, and subsequently, determines how P32 decodes the text in the 
application.
Strict setting:
The Strict setting is the fastest text tracking method, in which P32 follows 
only the true application text.  This option is only available in Windows 
applications that are completely compatible with P32.
Flexible setting:
The Flexible setting is the second fastest text tracking method, in which 
P32 tracks non-standard formatted text.
You can detect that the text is out of alignment when for instance other 
characters are read then the one the cursor is on.
Loose setting: 
The Loose setting is the slowest text tracking method, in which P32 uses 
artificial intelligence to fully decode non-standard text.  Use this setting 
when no results can be obtained with the flexible setting.
Automatic setting:  
The Automatic setting can use either the slowest or the fastest text 
tracking method, depending on the circumstances.  If at all possible P32 
determines which is the best-suited method and tracks the text in one or 
with a combination of text tracking methods.
Use the ALT and T key command to go to the Text Tracking function 
radio button.
The default setting for Customizing Text tracking is “automatic”.

X3.13	Miscellaneous Checkbox Options In The Advanced Settings 
	Window.
Of the 6 checkbox functions listed in the Miscellaneous Option box, 3 can 
be used for improving access to incompatible application programs.
Call up the P32 Console with the CONTROL and MINUS key command.
TAB to the Advanced Settings button to open the Advanced Settings 
window, or simply use the ALT and V key command.  When the 
Advanced Settings Window opens, TAB to the Miscellaneous Options 
listing where the 6 check box functions are located.  Or, to reach the 
check box functions in the General Settings field directly, use ALT and a 
mnemonic letter or number key command.  Using ALT and O or ALT and 
1 both will send the cursor to the Customize Block Read Assist check box.
You can use TAB and the UP and DOWN cursor keys to move from one 
checkbox function to another.
Once you are located on the function to be changed, toggle the 
SPACEBAR to Check or Uncheck the setting.
You may check or uncheck as many functions as you wish.  The Console 
will close and the new checkbox settings will be saved and activated when 
you press ENTER.  If you press ESCAPE instead of ENTER, the Console 
window will close but the settings will return to what they were before the 
window was opened.  Make sure that all checkboxes are correctly set 
before you press ENTER, or they will be saved as they appear on the 
screen.
If you are unsure of the function under the cursor, press PERIOD on the 
number pad for a condensed description from the Status Line Help.

X3.13.1	Customizing Block Read Assist.
As has been mentioned, the important factor to consider in screen reading 
is to what extent the application enables access to cursor tracking.
Block Reading is similar to the reading of text with the cursor, except that 
the Block Reading function works with highlighted areas (which can be 
thought of as BIG cursors).  In some cases, where an application is 
completely incompatible, direct access to reading a marked block is 
denied.  If you check Block Read Assist, you will have full access.
NOTE: When you use this feature, any text that is stored in the Clipboard 
will be lost.
Use ALT and O or the ALT and 1 to go to the Block Read Assist 
checkbox.
The default setting for the Customizing Block Read Assist checkbox is 
“checked”.

X3.13.2	Customizing Window Refresh.
When programs are completely incompatible, it is necessary to regularly 
redraw (or “refresh”) the screen; otherwise, synchronization problems will 
interfere with feedback to the screen reading program.  If you customize 
the tracking settings and still notice that the application text is not 
tracking properly, check the Window Refresh function.
Use the ALT and 2 key command to go to the Window Refresh checkbox.
The default setting for Customizing Window Refresh is “checked”.

X3.13.3	Save Settings Specific to Application.
Each incompatible Windows application can require its tracking settings 
to be differently customized.   By checking the Save Settings Specific to 
Application option after closing the Advanced Settings window, custom 
settings will be saved in a separate file for each application.  The file with 
the customized settings will be loaded automatically every time you run 
the application again.
The following settings will be saved when Save Settings Specific to 
Application is checked:
Cursor Tracking, Dialog Tracking, Favour cursor type, Tables, Blanks, 
Punctuation, Capitalization, Short Form Menus, Position in Percent, 
Numbers Spelled, Word Detect, Fast Track, Read before Delete and Spell 
Keyboard input.
Use the ALT and 3 key command to go to the Save Settings Specific to 
Application checkbox.
The default setting for the Save Settings Specific to Application checkbox 
is “checked”.

X3.13.4	Use Short Form Of Menu And Dialog Readout.
Checking the Short Form of Menu and Dialog Box Readout function 
makes P32 condense the menu and dialog readout by dropping the readout 
of menu hot keys and sub-menu and dialog box indicators.
In the case of speech output, menu and dialog function mnemonic letter 
keys and sub menu and dialog box indicators will be omitted.
On Braille units, using the generic P32 Braille driver, the display will be 
similar to speech output, except the mnemonic letter key will be displayed 
in upper case.  On some Braille devices, a customized manufacturers’ 
driver will compress the text by using special characters to replace hotkey, 
sub menu and Dialog box indicators.  Although the short form will 
improve performance in speed it is recommended that you only use it 
when you are fully familiar with the application.  Uncheck the feature 
when you are running a new application.
Use the ALT and 4 key command to go to the Use Short Form of Menu 
and Dialog Readout checkbox.
The default setting for the Use Short Form of Menu and Dialog Readout 
checkbox is “unchecked”.

X3.13.5	Relative Cursor Position Indicator.
Besides the command to read or display the Status Line to reveal the 
position of the text-oriented cursor, Protalk32 also has a percentile method 
for calculating the absolute position of a cursor.
When the Relative Cursor Position Indication checkbox is checked, the 
cursor position is expressed in percentages of the whole document page 
height and width, measured from the top left corner of the working area of 
the document to the cursor position.  In dialog boxes, the position is 
expressed in percentages of the height and width of the dialog window, 
measured from the top and left corners of the dialog window.
When the Relative cursor position indication checkbox is unchecked, the 
cursor position is expressed in the absolute distance, measured in pixels, 
from the top left corner of the working area of the document or dialog 
window.
Use the ALT and 5 key command to go to the Relative Position Read and 
Display checkbox.
The default setting for the Relative Cursor Position Indication checkbox is 
“checked”.

X3.13.6	Setting Numbers To Be Spelled Or Spoken.
The Set Spell or Spoken Numbers feature lets you decide whether 
numbers in your text or data will be spelled or spoken. When the 
checkbox is unchecked all numbers in text or data will be spoken, and 
when the checkbox is checked they will be spelled.
Use the ALT and 6 key command to go to the Set Spell or Spoken 
Numbers checkbox.
The default setting for the Set Spell or Spoken Numbers checkbox is 
unchecked.

X4	Training And Editing Application Buttons.
Graphically displayed buttons, which are common in Windows 
applications, have become an indispensable feature in providing sighted 
users with shortcut access to many application functions.  Although it is 
possible to go through the time-consuming process of going through 
menus to find and activate functions, you soon will find that P32’s quick 
and dependable access to buttons is preferable.  Even users who prefer to 
use hot key commands to activate buttons will find P32 useful, since some 
of the buttons have no hot key designation.
Before you can use the P32 button feature you must set up P32 so that the 
program can train itself to find the locations of buttons.  This method, 
called “auto training” is easy and can be performed without sighted 
assistance.
You will need to train buttons manually only when program 
incompatibility makes the auto train function unsuccessful. Depending on 
the extent of the incompatibility, you may require assistance to locate 
button positions.
The Edit Tools Function lets you edit or “customize” previously trained 
toolbar or tool button names, which can be a useful feature if P32 has 
trained buttons automatically and you wish to re-name them to fit your 
requirements.
Note: All P32 features that require trained buttons are unusable until 
button training has been completed.  Object-Oriented mouse tracking, for 
instance, will not be able to read or display button names until the training 
has been successfully completed.

X4.1	The Automatic Tool Trainer Window.
The P32 Automatic Tool trainer window consists of a one-line "Train 
Tools For" text box, below which is the “Use Aggressive Scan” checkbox.
On the right hand side are 4 command buttons which are aligned 
vertically, and at the bottom of the window there is a Status Line Help.
These are the four command buttons as they appear in the automatic tool 
trainer window:
1.	Compile new List.
2.	Add New Tools.
3.	Cancel.
4.	Help.

X4.1.1	How To Navigate In The Automatic Tool Trainer Window.
When the window is called up, the cursor will be in the Train tools for 
text box, listing the name of the application from which the Item Manager 
was opened up.  There will be a readout or display of the current field 
name and the application name under the cursor is on.
To move to command buttons or functions in the Auto Tool Trainer 
window, press TAB or Shift and TAB one or more times.  Or, to reach 
buttons directly, use ALT and one of the following mnemonic letter key 
commands:
ALT and C start the training and compiling of a new button list.
ALT and A start the training and compiling of optional button bars.
ALT and H call up the Automatic Tool trainer Help window.
To exit the Automatic Tool Trainer without training or using any 
functions, press the ESCAPE key or TAB to the Cancel button and Enter.
If you are unsure of the function of the button under the cursor, press 
PERIOD on the number pad for a condensed description from the Line 
Status Help.
To read up on the Automatic Training of Buttons, press ALT and the H 
key to open up the chapters associated with Automatic Tool Trainer 
Window.

X4.2	The Edit Tool Name Window.
The Edit Tool Name window serves a twofold purpose: first, for editing or 
changing application button names, and second, for defining incompatible 
application buttons manually.
Editing buttons is only necessary if you would prefer to use a different 
name for the application button you are using.
Defining application buttons manually is only necessary when the 
application’s Auto Button Training mode is partially or completely 
unsuccessful in training the buttons.
The P32 Edit Tool Name training window consists of two text boxes, with 
four command buttons beside them that are aligned vertically, and a 
Status Line Help at the bottom of the window.  The top text box is a multi-
line text box and the bottom one is a one-line text box.
Following is a list of the two one-line text boxes that are located in the 
Change Tool Name field:
1.	Old Name (a three line text box).
2.	New Name (a one line text box).
Following is a list of the four commands buttons in their order of 
appearance in the edit tool window:
1.	OK.
2.	Cancel.
3.	New Name.
4.	Help.
To exit the Edit Tool window without editing or using any functions, 
press the ESCAPE key or TAB to the Cancel button and Enter.
To read up on Editing and Manual Training, press ALT and the H key to 
open up the chapters associated with the Edit Tool Name window.

X4.2.1	How To Navigate In The Edit Tool Name Window.
When the Edit Tool Name window is called up for editing from within the 
Item Manager, the cursor will be in the Change Tool name field in the 
Old Name text box on the name of the tool previously selected in the Item 
Manager.  There will be readout or display of the current field name and 
the name of the tool button.  When the window is called up for manual 
tool training from within the Item Manager, the cursor will be on a blank 
line in the New Name text box in the Change Tool Name field.
There will be a readout or display of the current field name and a 
confirmation of the blank line.
To move to command buttons in the Edit Tool Name window, press TAB 
or Shift and TAB one or more times.  Or, to reach text boxes directly, use 
ALT and one of the following mnemonic letter key commands:
ALT and O go to the Old Name three-line text box in the Change Tool 
Name field.
ALT and E go to the New Name one-line text box in the Change Tool 
name field.
ALT and N accept a newly-entered button name and continue defining.
ALT and H call up the Edit Tool Help window.
When in editing button names mode:
To accept and save the edited button name and continue editing names, 
press ALT and N or TAB to New Name button and ENTER.
To accept and save the edited button name and exit the Edit Tool Name 
window to return to the Item Manager, press ENTER or TAB to the OK 
button and ENTER.
To exit the Edit Tool Name window to return to the Item Manager and 
cancel all currently edited and saved button names, press the ESCAPE key 
or TAB to the Cancel button and ENTER.
When in manual training buttons mode:
To accept and save the manual trained button name and continue 
defining, press ALT and N or TAB to New Name button and ENTER.
To accept and save the button and exit the Edit Tool Name window to 
return to the Item Manager Application Tool listing box press ENTER or 
TAB to the OK button and ENTER.
To exit the Edit Tool Name window to return to the Application and 
canceling all presently defined and saved buttons, press the ESCAPE key 
or TAB to the Cancel button and ENTER.
When in doubt about the function of the button under the cursor, press 
PERIOD on the number pad for a condensed description from the Status 
Line Help.

X4.3	Auto Training Application Buttons.
Training new application buttons automatically still requires that you 
create the right environment for P32 to do the training.  This involves 
very little effort on your part, but it gives you a chance to determine which 
button bars in the application you want to have trained.  Despite the 
multitude of button bars in the newer sophisticated applications, P32 can 
train all application buttons without difficulty, and also keep them 
indefinitely available for your use.
Depending on which commands you have issued, P32 automatically will 
scan the buttons in one of two methods.
The first method, which is recommended for newer applications, is the 
fastest and most accurate.  The second method uses an aggressive scan, 
for older applications, and takes longer because of the more complicated 
button structuring in these applications.
To prevent conflict in newer applications, activate the aggressive scan 
only if you already have scanned the application unsuccessfully.  Do not 
activate the aggressive scan before trying the automatic method.
You can train newer application by pressing only one button.  For older 
applications, you will need to activate the aggressive scan in addition to 
pressing the button.  Even after an aggressive scan, it is possible that no 
buttons will be detected or that some buttons will be missing from the 
button scan list.
During the scanning process, Protalk will register all of the available 
button information that the program would normally display if the mouse 
cursor passed over that button, which would be either the button name as 
it is shown in the balloon help, or the button description that is listed at 
the status line.
When a training scan is completed, the Item Manager immediately will 
list the trained buttons in the text box in alphabetical order.  There will be 
a readout of the number of buttons that were found.  The number of 
buttons that were found is a good indication of the success of the scan, if 
you happen to know how many buttons should have been in the 
application.
When no buttons are found there will be a readout or display of the words, 
"Zero buttons found."  It is most likely that you have an application whose 
buttons are distributed all over the window instead of in a button bar.
This design method is used to get the most visual effect out of an 
otherwise bland opening window for programs in which sub-windows are 
standard.  It could also be possible that your program is of an older, 
incompatible design.  In either case you will have to apply the manual 
training method, which requires the assistance of a sighted helper.
See chapter 4.5, "Manually Training Application Buttons." 
To prepare for auto training, first run the application, then via the view 
menu activate all the button bars or all you deem necessary for your use.
As long as the button bars are not placed on top of each other when they 
are called up, the auto training function is not particular about placement.
As a matter of fact, if a toolbar has been moved P32 may still later be able 
to let you access the buttons in that bar.  The only requirement is that the 
tool bar be open and active, not closed.
If you suspect that tool bars have been placed on top of one other, to 
prevent collision, use the Add New Tool method of auto training, which is 
explained further down in the text.
Button training is performed in a separate automatic tool training 
window, which is called up via the P32 Item Manager.
Call up the Item Manager with the PLUS key, then use TAB or ALT and 
A to call up the Protalk Automatic Tool Trainer window.  If you are 
training the buttons for an older program, check the Use Aggressive Scan 
box first, and press the Compile New List button, or use the ALT and 
letter C key command.
Once the Compile New List button is pressed, the trainer window will 
disappear, and the compiling process will be indicated by beeping.
After all buttons have been compiled and the scan is completed.  The Item 
Manager will be displayed listing the buttons alphabetically, with the 
cursor on the first button name in the list.  When P32 finishes the auto 
scan it will list the buttons and automatically save them in a file attached 
to the application, so that whenever the application is run again the button 
list will be loaded and available in the Item Manager.
To train application button bars one by one, first run the application.
Then select the Button bar you would like to train from the view menu, 
and open it.  Next, call up the Protalk automatic tool trainer function from 
within the P32 Item Manager.  The rest of the process is similar to 
compiling a new button list except that after completion of the scan, close 
the Item Manager and close the current button bar in the view menu.
If there are more button bars, open up the next one, return to the Protalk 
automatic tool trainer via the Item Manager, but this time to start the 
training press the Add new tools button.  Continue the training as 
required.
Optional button bars will be added to an already compiled application list, 
in a manner similar to the one-by-one method training of button bars.
To learn more about how to navigate in the automatic tool trainer window 
read paragraph 4.1.1  "How To Navigate In The Automatic Tool Trainer 
Window."
To read up on the P32 Automatic Tool Trainer, press ALT and the H key 
to open up the P32 Help window.
All buttons trained in the automatic mode will be named exactly as they 
are listed in the application during the training, which itself depends on 
how the balloon help text was registered during the training scan.
Button functions may be disabled and registered as such during button 
scans in applications where the status line text is registered before the 
scan, or where there is no balloon help.
For example, a CUT button, whose function is normally listed on the 
status line as "Cut marked text and stores it on the clipboard," could be 
listed as "Function not available because no text marked."  In such a case 
it is recommended that you open a document and repeat the auto button 
training process after marking some text.
Alternatively use the editing application button function to indicate the 
correct function of the listing.
Some button descriptions are longer than the Item Manager line can hold, 
and P32 is forced to cut the text off after a certain number of characters.
To prevent confusion, it is recommended to edit as required.
Caution:
1.	In newer applications, toolbars are often located on the document 
	area instead of on the tool button bar.  The placement itself will 
	not interfere with the entering of text or data in the same area, 
	but could present a problem when the information is read back.  
	If such is the case, close the toolbar until you have finished your 
	activities in that area, because toolbar windows can be dragged 
	only with the mouse cursor.  If the toolbar is moved anyway, P32 
	can usually still track the new position in most newer 
	applications.
2.	If there is a sighted person who also has access to your 
	application, he or she without your knowledge could have 
	changed the format of an already defined toolbar that normally 
	appears on the document area.  For example, an 8-line button bar 
	could be changed into a 2 by 4 button window, in which case the 
	new format would have to be re-trained.

X4.4	Editing Application Buttons.
Press the Edit Tools button in the P32 Item manager or use the ALT and 
E key command.  Since the Item Manager was called up from within the 
application, the buttons automatically will be listed in the Item Manager 
Applications Tools listing box, which will be confirmed by a readout of 
the field name and the name of the button under the cursor.
Cursor down to the button name to be edited and enter on the selection. 
The entered button name will now be listed on the center line of the "Old 
Name" text box in the Edit Tool Name window.  There will be a readout 
of the field name and of the highlighted button name.  TAB once or use 
ALT and E to go the "New Name" box.  Type in (or “edit”), up to a 
maximum of 64 letters, the new name under which you want the button to 
be listed.
To return to the Old Name box after entering the New Name box, without 
entering any name in the box, select another button name for editing 
either by pressing SHIFT and TAB once or by using the ALT and O key 
command.  You can cursor UP or DOWN to select another button name 
for editing.
To accept the edited button name and continue editing names, press ALT 
and N or TAB to New Name button and ENTER.  You will automatically 
be returned to the top line in the Old Name text box.  You can continue 
editing by cursoring UP or DOWN to select another button name.  In 
addition to editing old button names, you can re-edit button names that 
have been changed before as often as you wish.
To accept an edited button name and exit the Edit Tool Name window to 
return to the Item Manager Application Tool listing box, press ENTER or 
TAB to the OK button and ENTER.
To exit the Edit Tool Name window to return to the Item Manager and 
cancel the most recently edited button name, press the ESCAPE key or 
TAB to the Cancel button and ENTER.
To save edited buttons, you must leave the Item Manager by pressing the 
ENTER key.  Do not use Escape, since Escape will erase the changes you 
made and return all button names to their former names.
To delete button names from the Item Manager listing altogether, read 
Chapter 4.6 "Deleting Item Manager Button Listings."
Reminder: The application Help program will continue to refer to button 
names as they were named originally by the application.
To learn more about navigating in the edit tool window, read Chapter 
4.2.1,  "How To Navigate In The Edit Tool Name Window."

X4.5	Manually Training Application Buttons.
The button routines in older application programs can limit the efficiency 
of the auto button training function in P32, either by training only some of 
the buttons or by training none at all.  However, you can still access any 
button, menu bar or tool bar button in any application with the manual 
button training mode.  To do so, the mouse cursor will need to be 
positioned manually.  It is recommended that you seek the assistance of a 
sighted person, not only to help with positioning but also to help find the 
function and name associated with each button.
The manual training procedure for defining buttons is the same for all the 
different type of buttons that are found in a menu or tool button bar.
To begin training with the manual method, first run the application in the 
usual manner, because button defining must take place within the 
program.  Next, use the PLUS key to call up the Item Manager.
The cursor will be in the Application Tool listing text box, which will 
contain only blank lines if no buttons have been defined already.  There 
will be a readout of the field name and of the blank line, or of a button 
name if there is a button present.  To begin training, press ALT and R or 
TAB to the Manual Train button and ENTER.  The Edit Tool Window 
will appear, with the cursor in the "New Name" text box.  There will be a 
readout or display of the field name and the words, "New Button name."
Next, with the assistance of a sighted helper, use a mouse or trackball to 
set the Navigation or Mouse cursor on the first button to be defined.  For 
later button identification, type in a name of up to 64 letters in length, and 
ENTER.
To standardize your button nomenclature, we recommend that you use a 
button name similar to that listed in the application's user manual.
To accept the button name and to continue defining other buttons, press 
ALT and N or TAB to the New Name button and ENTER.  Repeat the 
procedure until you have defined all the buttons.
To accept the button and exit the Edit Tool window to return to the Item 
Manager Application Tool listing box press ENTER or TAB to the OK 
button and ENTER.  To exit the Edit Tool Name window to return 
directly to the Item Manager Application Tool listing box and cancel the 
last defined button, press the ESCAPE key or TAB to the Cancel button 
and ENTER.
When you return to the Item Manager you will be located on the first 
button in the Application Tool box listing.
Your newly trained buttons will all be listed but will not yet be ready for 
use.  To save them you must exit the Item Manager.  Either press ENTER 
or use TAB to go to the OK button and ENTER.
If you want to erase all the newly-trained buttons, press the ESCAPE 
button instead of ENTER.
If you are unsure of the function of the text box or button under the cursor, 
press the PERIOD key on the number pad for a condensed description 
from the Status Line Help.
To learn more about how to navigate in the P32 Edit Tool Name window, 
read chapter 4.2.1, "How To Navigate In the Edit Tool Name Window."

X4.6	Deleting Item Manager Button Listings.
To delete either automatically or manually trained buttons from the Item 
Manager, call up the Item Manager from within the application with the 
PLUS key.  Next, cursor down the button listings to the button to be 
removed.  Set the cursor on the button to be deleted and press DELETE.
A DELETE OBJECT Box will ask, "Item selected to be deleted, Yes or 
No."  Press Y for YES or N for NO.  Repeat this process until you have 
removed all the buttons you want to have removed.
To save the altered button list and leave the Item Manager, press ENTER.
At any time before pressing ENTER, even after you have confirmed that 
you want to delete an entry, you can press ESCAPE to restore the button 
list without saving any changes.

X5	Special Features In Protalk32.

X5.1	Sensitivity Setting For Automatic Readout.
Typed input in Protalk32 will be either spelled or spoken, depending on 
your typing speed and sensitivity setting.  When you type more slowly 
than the corresponding speed setting, all characters will be spelled, and 
when you type more quickly, all characters will be spoken.  When you 
require that all text be spoken regardless of input speed, adjust the 
sensitivity level to zero.  At a setting of zero, text will not be read until a 
non-text character is entered; therefore, it is conceivable that you could 
enter a word, and not read it until five minutes later when you type a 
space.
If you find that at your typing speed P32 spells the input when you wish it 
to be spoken, change the sensitivity setting to a higher value or instead 
increase your typing speed.  Try a setting of 6 or 7, which will lower the 
threshold speed for typed input and will cause text to be read out as words.
For slow typists, a level setting of 9 should still read whole words.
Similarly if you find that at your typing speed P32 reads the input when 
you wish it to be spelled, change the sensitivity setting to a lower value or 
instead decrease typing speed.
When the sensitivity is set to match a speed just below your normal typing 
input, you can type a bit more slowly to have your output spelled, and 
return to your normal speed to have output spoken again.
When you require that all text be spelled regardless of your input speed, 
set the Spell Keyboard Input feature in the P32 Console to “checked”.
The “checked” status will override the sensitivity setting, and all keyboard 
input will be spelled.
Even if you are using Braille output on a Braille device, where threshold 
speed would seem to be unimportant, still it is important that you have the 
correct sensitivity level setting, or you may find that the time between 
keyboard input and the Braille display is excessively long.  If you do find 
that it takes too long for your device to display newly-typed text, adjust the 
sensitivity setting to a lower value.  In order to conserve computing power, 
try not to lower the setting any more than is necessary for efficient output.
Also for reasons of power conservation, it is recommended that you not 
use the Spell Keyboard Input feature when you are also using a Braille 
device.
To change the sensitivity setting or to check Spell Keyboard Input, refer to 
chapter 3.4.2, "How To Adjust Level Settings In The Console" and 3.7, 
"How To Set Check Boxes In The P32 Console".
Alternatively, to adjust the sensitivity level setting without calling up the 
P32 Console, activate the secondary function keys by pressing MINUS on 
the number pad, then F5.  To make the adjustment, type in a number from 
0 to 9.  P32 will confirm the entry by reading or displaying the setting.
You do not have to press ENTER after the new number selection.
You can repeat this simple process any time that a sensitivity setting is not 
suitable.  If you press the ESCAPE key immediately after keying in a 
number, the number will be canceled, and the setting will revert to its 
former sensitivity level.
Reminder: Sensitivity settings can be set from 1 to 9.  A zero setting 
switches OFF the sensitivity.
A setting of 1 mostly spells while 9 mostly reads words.  The default 
setting for sensitivity is 4.

X5.2	Using A Mouse With Protalk32.
In addition to having full keyboard navigation capabilities, P32 supports 
Mouse Tracking in the Windows Graphical User Interface.  Depending on 
the setting you select, Mouse Tracking can provide you with either speech 
or Braille feedback.  Mouse Tracking requires no special adjustments and 
mouse functions are always available.  This feature can be helpful in 
classroom situations, where a sighted instructor can quickly assist users 
with text corrections.

X5.3	Navigating With The Mouse Cursor.
With the two methods of mouse tracking in P32, users are able to learn 
about the layout and structure of the Windows environment.  Application 
programmers will find that P32 mouse tracking for formatting in 
Windows is an indispensable tool.
Although both Speech and Braille users have access to mouse tracking, 
Braille users, because of the permanency of the display, are at an 
advantage.  Touch tracking is specifically designed for Braille users, while 
the Object-oriented method serves both Speech and Braille users.
The Object-oriented method is based on the tracking of text and names 
that are associated with the objects that pass under the mouse or 
navigation cursor, while Touch Tracking is bit map based, which means 
that it displays the images that pass under the cursor, within the limits of 
the Braille display.
Another mouse cursor tracking feature that is provided in P32, which is 
only usable on computers that have a Stereo Multi-Media sound card or 
Dedicated and Stereo Multi Media sound cards installed, uses 3D Sound 
to approximate the horizontal movements of the mouse and application 
cursors.  If Q sound is installed, vertical mouse movement also can be 
detected.

X5.3.1	How To Use Object-Oriented Readout.
Switch the feature On, and before moving the cursor, get a cursor position 
readout by toggling “ON” the NUM LOCK and then pressing CONTROL 
and the STAR key.  Depending on the position readout setting in the 
Advanced Settings window, you will receive the distance to the cursor 
either in pixels, or in percentages of the window.
Once you know where the mouse is, you can move it slowly in the 
direction of your choice.  If the cursor movement is set for speech output, 
before long you will get a readout either of the document text or of the 
names of objects that are passing under the cursor.  If the speech output 
seems choppy or is illegible, you are moving the mouse cursor too fast.
Braille users will notice that the display output will be refreshed rapidly 
relative to the movement of the mouse.
To read the displayed text, mouse movement must stop temporarily.
Object-oriented mode provides you with a mouse-oriented way to read 
text, with one or both of speech and Braille outputs. In many ways Object-
oriented mode output is similar to the output of the application mode.
For instance, in both modes, moving from one line to another produces a 
readout or display of the new line.  Moving sideways spells characters or 
moves the cursor in the text on a Braille display.  If you move the mouse 
quickly from word to word, words will be spoken.
As long as the mouse is not moved, you will have unhindered access to all 
the application or navigation mode readout or display functions.
When you move the mouse, speech and Braille output of the current 
operation will be interrupted temporarily, but when the mouse cursor stops 
moving, you will be able to resume your previous work.  Remember only 
that P32 will be waiting for you to institute an action.
When you move the mouse cursor over a tool or menu bar button, P32 will 
read or display the name that is associated with that particular button.  
When using speech or Braille output with a mouse, this feature can be 
used to activate application buttons.  However, Windows applications 
have been designed to make operations simple, which means that 
functions can be accidentally overwritten, inserted, or activated, and 
unintentional changes can be difficult to find and correct.  Consequently, 
it is recommended that novice users not use the P32 Mouse Tracking 
feature until they are comfortable using the mouse and are familiar with 
the available button functions.  If you want to practice, use an empty 
document.
Computers that have trackballs are more suited to mouse tracking than 
those that have mice connected by serial cables, because trackball are 
generally mounted on computers, and it is much easier to move the 
pointer parallel to the computer screen than to move a free standing 
mouse without any reference points.  A trackball moves relative to the 
computer, but a free-standing mouse must be oriented to be parallel with 
the display before it can be moved.
If you are using a mouse, remember that an uneven surface, dirt in the ball 
mechanism, or other debris can impede cursor movement.  Use a flat 
surface and clean the ball mechanism regularly.
Helpful hint to establish a cursor position reference point quickly: 
Whenever you move the mouse further than the mouse cursor can move 
on the display, the cursor will park itself at the edge of the display.  If you 
then reverse the direction of the mouse movement, the cursor will follow 
immediately.  Using that knowledge, you should be able to find an 
application menu bar without too much difficulty.

X5.3.2	How To Set Object-Oriented Readout.
To Set Object-Oriented Readout first use the SHIFT and CONTROL and 
MINUS key combination to call up the Advanced Settings window.
When the window opens, the cursor will be on the radio button of the first 
function, which is "Cursor Tracking."
You can move to the most recently activated Mouse Tracking function 
radio button by pressing ALT and M or by going to the function with 
TAB.  Press the UP or DOWN cursor keys to change to the Object-
Oriented setting.  The previous Mouse Tracking selection will be canceled 
automatically when the setting is changed.  To save the new setting and 
exit the Advanced Settings window, press ENTER.  The Console will 
close and the new button will be saved and activated automatically.
If you press ESCAPE instead of ENTER, the Advanced Settings window 
will close, and the change will be invalidated while the setting reverts to 
its former setting.

X5.3.3	How To Use The Touch Tracking Display Feature.
Touch Tracking is a P32 feature designed especially for Braille users.
The feature is designed to provide you with a true imprint of the screen 
layout when you move the mouse cursor, in the form of a pixel-for-pixel 
match, instead of the readout or display of the document text or the names 
of the objects that pass under the mouse cursor as in Object-Oriented 
tracking.
Although limited by the height and width of the display line, the bitmap 
imprint you receive will be an exact imprint of the objects that are passed 
over, always with the display centered on the position of the mouse cursor.
A Braille device that has 40 eight-dot cells will display 80 by 4 pixels, and 
an 80 eight-dot cell device will display 160 by 4 pixels.
This feature is especially useful for programmers designing Windows-
based applications, where locating objects is an asset.
When the touch track (bit map) shows part of a button, pressing the 
Router button above the name will activate that function, as in a clicking 
of the left mouse button.  In fact, pressing the Router button at any 
position in the bit-mapped display will emulate whatever action is 
associated with the left mouse button at that position.  For example, in a 
word processor document showing bit-mapped text, clicking one of the 
Router buttons will move the application cursor to that position, without 
scrolling the Braille display.  (The display will not scroll because the 
mouse cursor position was not altered.)
In this particular case, you can make reading easier by changing from bit 
map to Braille output by pressing, for example, the right arrow key.
Since the action moves the cursor, P32 will restore the display to whatever 
mode you were working in.
When the Touch Tracking feature is switched “On”, it is only active when 
the mouse cursor is moved.  When the mouse is stationary, a bit map will 
show only if mouse cursor movement was the last action taken.  At all 
times you can return to using common application or navigation mode 
functions.
It is recommended that when you are not using Touch Tracking mode 
actively, you keep it in the Off position, because the slightest mouse 
movement will change the display to bit map representation, centered 
around the mouse cursor.

X5.3.4	How To Set The Touch Tracking Display.
To Set Touch Tracking Display, first use the SHIFT and CONTROL and 
MINUS key combination to call up the Advanced Settings window.
When the window opens the cursor will be on the radio button of the first 
function, which is "Cursor Tracking." Move to the most recently activated 
Mouse Tracking function radio button press ALT and M or move to the 
function with TAB.  Then press the UP or DOWN cursors to change to 
the Touch Tracking setting.  The previous Mouse tracking selection will 
be canceled automatically when the setting is changed.
To save the new setting and exit the Advanced Settings window, press 
ENTER.  The Console will close and the new button will be saved and 
activated automatically.  If you press ESCAPE instead of ENTER, the 
Advanced Settings window will close, and the change will be invalidated 
while the setting reverts to its previous setting.

X5.3.5	How 3D Sound Output Is Used.
When the necessary sound cards have been installed and the feature is 
checked in the P32 console, the stereo feedback emitted from the speakers 
will be used to approximate the horizontal movements of the mouse and 
application cursors, and if Q sound is installed, vertical mouse movements 
as well.  Since 3D sound output is independent from all other functions in 
P32, you can have some idea of the cursor location from the sound 
separation you hear when you move the mouse or application cursor in 
speech or Braille mode.
Although 3D or “Q” sound is a useful tool that improves screen access, in 
its current state it is by no means completely accurate, and should be used 
only for location perception since it is not dependable for precise 
positioning.
To turn on 3D Sound, read chapter 3.7, "How To Set Check Boxes In The 
P32 Console."

X5.4	Protalk32 And Language Switching.
P32’s Language Switching function lets you switch between languages in 
a program.  For example, the function lets you write a letter in Spanish on 
a French word processor in an English version of the Windows program.
The number of languages you can use is restricted only by the number of 
languages supported by your dedicated synthesizer.
The Language Switching feature can let you use only the languages 
supported by your dedicated synthesizer.  Protalk itself will not change 
from language to language, and neither do Windows and Windows 
applications.  The default setting for Protalk is the language version in 
which it was purchased.
Customizing your language requirements is easy in P32 because there are 
three different options, where you can select a particular language to be 
used in a document, in an application, or throughout the Windows 
environment.
When you select the global option, the language you select is used 
throughout Windows, in Windows applications, and in documents.
The language you select becomes the new default language for overall use.
When you select the application option, the language you select  is used 
only in the application and in documents in the application for which it is 
selected.  It becomes the default language for that application, and if the 
global option was previously selected, the application option overrides the 
global command for that application.
When you select the document option, the language you select is used only 
for the document in the application in which it is selected.  It becomes the 
default language for that particular document and overrides the global 
command for that document.
Both the global and application-specific language settings will be saved 
and can be re-called any time you want to re-configure them.

X5.5	The “Set Language” Window.
The Set Language Window lets you select a language for global use with 
your dedicated synthesizer.  The language you select will be used 
throughout your Windows program and also with each individual 
application or document.
The top half of the Set Language window consists of a multi-line text box 
called, "New Language", which lists all the languages P32 can find in 
your synthesizer.  The bottom half of the window contains a three-button 
radio button box called "Language Selection".  There are three command 
buttons beside the box, and there is a Status Line Help at the bottom of the 
window.
Following is a list of the radio buttons and the command buttons of the 
“Set Language” window.
These three radio buttons are listed vertically in the Language Selection 
box:
1.	To Document
2.	To Application
3.	Globally to Windows
These command buttons are listed vertically on the right side of the 
Language Selection box:
1.	OK
2.	Cancel
3.	Help.

X5.5.1	How To Access And Navigate In The Set Language Window.
Access the Set Language window by pressing CONTROL and ALT and 
MINUS.
Unless your synthesizer only supports one language, or the Set Language 
window can’t be reached from where you are, when the window opens up, 
the cursor should be on the currently activated radio button.  There will be 
a readout or display of the field name and the radio button function.
To move from the Language Selection box to the Languages listings in the 
New Language box, use the TAB key, or Shift and TAB if you’re moving 
in the reverse direction.  Or, to reach either the boxes or the Help window 
directly, use ALT and one of the following Mnemonic letter keys:
ALT and L go to the first language listing in the New Language text box.
ALT and S go to the currently activated radio button in the Language 
Selection box.
ALT and H call up the Set Language Help window.
When the cursor is sent to the Language Selection box, it always will be 
set on the most recently activated radio button.  There will be a readout of 
the field name and the radio button function.
Only one radio button can be activated at one time.  Whenever you set a 
new radio button, the previous one will be inactivated.  To select a new 
button function, use the UP or DOWN cursor keys to go to the radio 
button you want.  There will be a readout of its function and of its 
“checked” status.  No new settings will be activated and saved until you 
exit the “Set Language” window.  The new settings will be saved 
automatically.
When the cursor is sent to the New Language box, it always will be set on 
the list of languages your synthesizer will support, on the name of the first 
language.  As you cursor through the list, the names that pass under the 
cursor will be highlighted.
To exit and save a new language setting, press Enter or TAB to the OK 
button and Enter.
To exit the Set Language window without making any adjustments or to 
invalidate the most recent change, press the ESCAPE key or TAB to the 
Cancel button and Enter.
If you are unsure of the function of the box or button under the cursor, 
press the PERIOD key on the number pad for a condensed description 
from the Status Line Help.

X5.5.2	Configuring Languages For Use.
In the “Set Language” window there are three options for each available 
language.  Once you have highlighted the language you want in the New 
Language text box, you must assign the language to either global use, 
application use, or document use.
The global setting can be activated from anywhere in the Windows 
environment as long as the Windows program is running.
The application setting must be activated from within the application.
Similarly, a document setting must be activated from within the document 
in an application.
To set a language for global use in the Windows environment, activate the 
CONTROL and ALT and MINUS key combination.  The Set Language 
window will open with the cursor on the currently activated radio button 
in the Language Selection box.  There will be a readout or display of the 
field name and the function of the radio button under the cursor.
Then press the UP or DOWN cursors to go to the global radio button 
setting.  There will be a readout of the function and the word, “checked.”
Next, without pressing Enter, TAB to the first language in the New 
Language text box, or send the cursor there directly with ALT and L.
Cursor down to the language you want to be used globally and press 
ENTER or TAB to the OK button and Enter.  The setting will be saved 
automatically and the window will close.  The new language is activated.
To set a language for use in a particular application, first run the 
application, then call up the Set language window by activating the 
CONTROL and ALT and MINUS key combination.
Select the new language the same way as for the global setting, except this 
time, select the To Application radio button.  Once the language is defined 
and entered you will return to the application in which the selection was 
made.  Until you make another selection this will be the language used in 
that application.  Other applications will continue to use the former 
language unless you change their language settings.
To set a language for use in a document only, run the application and 
open up the document, then call up the Set Language window with the 
CONTROL and ALT and MINUS key combination.  When the window 
opens, select the new language as for the global setting, except this time 
select the To Document radio button.  Once the language is defined and 
entered you will be returned to the application in which the selection was 
made.  Until you make another selection or close the document this will be 
language used in that document.  All other documents in the application 
will continue to use the former language unless you change their settings.
Because Protalk32 is not yet able to permanently link specific languages 
to specific documents.  It is necessary to re-configure the language setting 
every time you open the document.
To exit the “Set Language” window without making any adjustments or to 
cancel the most recent setting, press the ESCAPE key or TAB to the 
Cancel button and Enter.

X5.6	How To Read Or Design Tables And Columns.
Documents can contain two kinds of columns: one is table columns and 
the other is newspaper columns.  Newspaper columns are also called 
“snake” columns because the defined length of the columns is such that 
the end of the text in one column flows into the next.  Table columns are 
confined to one column width, where the width is definable and the length 
depends on the amount of text entered.
With P32, you can design columns easily, even in sophisticated word 
processing programs.  Once you know the rules of your word processor for 
setting up text, tables, and newspaper columns in your document, you 
need remember only one additional rule when working with P32, which is 
that you must leave a minimum distance of empty space between tables 
and columns.  Otherwise, your screen reader will not be able to 
distinguish where one column ends and the next one begins.  To prevent 
overlapping, we recommend that you leave a minimum distance of 3 
characters of whatever font you are using between adjoining columns.

In most word processors, when you are formatting newspaper columns, 
the actual formatting, that is, the way columns correctly are to appear 
when laid out side by side, will be activated only after you enter either a 
“view page layout” or “print” command.  Normally, column text appears 
as one long narrow document.  Consequently, you will not notice 
alignment problems until your screen reader starts reading adjoining 
columns as one big column, and then not until you give the “format page 
layout” command.
The text in table columns is prepared and entered like newspaper column 
text, except that the tables already are laid out correctly, and when 
columns are spaced too closely together you will notice this immediately.
In general, when tables and columns are configured correctly (meaning 
that you have kept the required minimum distance between objects) the 
table and column commands will work flawlessly.  The universal P32 
commands that normally are used for reading and displaying text will be 
available for reading and displaying tables and columns, since P32 treats 
tables and columns like separate internal documents.  Similarly, Braille 
displays will show the text of whichever column contains the cursor.  Only 
when the Column Detect feature is Off will the entire text across the table 
or newspaper columns be displayed.
In most word processors, you must use a mouse if you want to move 
directly from one line of column text to another, because using key 
commands poses the risk of altering document text.
You must cursor to the end of the text in a column or table before you read 
the text in the next column or table, except when using Braille displays in 
“unchecked” mode, when you can use the Router button.  With the special 
P32 Column Key Command feature, you can move between columns 
without running the risk of accidentally deleting text or adding tables.
The P32 Auto Column Detect feature indicates the presence of table or 
newspaper columns (when they have been properly formatted with three 
spaces in between every two tables or columns.) P32 will indicate columns 
regardless of whether or not you have checked the Column Detect Setting 
in the P32 Console.  If the setting is unchecked, P32 will read the text 
straight across the columns.  The text will seem scrambled because the 
readout runs across multiple columns, but P32 will change pitch every 
time it passes into a new column.  For example, if the application cursor is 
on the first word of a new column and you issue the “read word to the 
left” command, the word will be read in a higher pitch because you are 
crossing a column border.  Generally, commands to read to the left will 
produce a higher pitch and commands to read to the right will produce a 
lower pitch.
When the Column Detect setting is checked, P32 will treat every column 
as a separate entity, and the application and navigation mode reading 
commands that usually apply to an entire document will now apply to the 
column that contains the cursor.  Similarly, on the Braille display, only 
the text in the columns that contains the cursor will be shown.
To move the application cursor between different columns in a document, 
make sure the NUM LOCK is "ON", then press SHIFT and 3 or Control 
and 3.  The Shift combination will move the cursor to the beginning of the 
corresponding line in the column to the left and the Control combination 
to the corresponding line in the column to the right.  If you use the 
CONTROL SCROLL command to toggle P32 between the application 
mode and the navigation mode, you can move the navigation cursor from 
column to column with the same commands.  Since all column crossings 
are deliberate, P32 will not change in pitch or give any form of 
identification when you enter a new column.
Finding your exact position in columns:  Normally, if you press the STAR 
key on the number pad when you are working in a document, the position 
of the application or navigation cursor will be read out to you in relation 
to the left side of the document.  The same rule applies when the cursor is 
located in a column.   However, if you press ALT and the STAR key, or 
SHIFT and ALT and STAR for the Navigation cursor, P32 will emit both 
a readout/display of your position in the column relative to the left side of 
the column and also the position number of your column, relative to the 
left side of the screen.  P32 will substitute the word "Table" for a table to 
indicate the difference between tables and the column that contains the 
cursor.
To learn about activating the Table and Column Detect feature, read 
chapter 3.6.4,  “Detect Table Toggle.”

X5.7	Spreadsheets, Databases and Protalk32.
In spreadsheet-type applications, text and data display is generally treated 
differently from the way it would be in word processors.  Spreadsheet cell 
addresses are usually identified with two different locations, such as the 
left of the line and the top of the column.  The formula line or text/data 
cell entry box is usually found at a third location.  Because of the three 
locations, when you use the application mode as you would in a word 
processor, information may be received in the wrong format for 
spreadsheets, which is a characteristic that makes spreadsheets difficult, if 
not impossible, to use.
Protalk32 has two important features for making spreadsheets work, 
which are called Fast Track mode and Table Tracking Mode.
Although they perform nearly identical tasks, they are customized to 
different circumstances and user requirements.
Fast Track is designed to work mainly in spreadsheets and Table Tracking 
is designed mainly for forms in Databases.
In the application mode when Fast Track or Table Tracking are 
inactivated, a spreadsheet or database program spreadsheet will be treated 
as a word processor, and only the contents of highlighted cell will be read.  
When FAST TRACK mode is activated, the program first will Read or 
Display the cell address, and then the formula line or text on the line 
assigned to that cell, and finally the word, "CELL" and the contents of the 
highlighted cell.  If a cell contains text only or a number without an 
equation on the formula line attached to it, the readout or display of the 
formula line and the cell contents will be similar.   If the formula line 
contains an equation, it will be read out.  There will be a readout of the 
word, "CELL," followed by the answer to the equation in the cell. 
If Table Tracking is activated instead of Fast Track, under the same 
circumstances, only the cell address and contents of the cell will be Read 
or Displayed and the contents of the formula line will be ignored.
The Table Tracking feature is designed specifically for tracking column 
headings in databases.  When you move from column to column you will 
receive a readout or display of the column heading and then of the cell 
contents.  To prevent repetitive column heading readout, P32 will read the 
heading only once when moving UP or DOWN a line in the same column.  
On Braille devices, the current column heading will be displayed at the 
beginning of the line until you move into another column.  If your data 
sheets also have line indexes, these will be read out and displayed in 
addition to the column headings.
Note: Since Fast Track and Table Tracking modes internally are different, 
remember that they cannot be used simultaneously.  Make sure that only 
one of the two is ON at any one time.
Since P32 Fast Track mode is composed of several modes that are used in 
applications and fast tracking, it will produce some unusual results when 
it is used in word processors or in otherwise plain text.  Therefore, 
whenever the spreadsheet or data base area changes to non-cell based data 
or text, the fast track automatically will switch off, and the opposite is true 
when non-cell based data or text is exchanged for spreadsheet or data base 
information.  P32 can switch the Fast Track mode OFF automatically.  If 
you switch back to the spreadsheet you must toggle the Fast Track ON 
manually.
To toggle the Fast Track mode "ON," press MINUS on the number pad, 
then CONTROL and F5 together.
To read a marked block of highlighted cells with or without the Fast 
Track mode, press MINUS and then the F9 key.
To turn ON the Table Tracking mode, call up the P32 Console with 
CONTROL and MINUS.  Use TAB or the ALT and T command to move 
to the currently set Table Detect button.  Press the UP or DOWN cursors 
to change the setting.
In general, when switching between applications P32 will always load the 
settings for that specific application if they have already been set 
regardless of the state of the Save Settings Specific to Application 
checkbox.  P32 will only save updated settings back to disk if the 
checkbox is set.
To have formulas or equations confirmed by a readout, use the 
spreadsheet application edit key command (Typically the F2 key) to access 
the formula or equation line, then read or edit with the applicable P32 
read commands.
Once the edit command is given the application cursor will be placed on 
the formula or edit line.  Entering on the edited formula will return the 
application cursor to the cell from which it was originally called up.
If program incompatibility is making it difficult for P32 to read the data 
and text in the spreadsheet or data base you are using, configuring P32 to 
use a spreadsheet / database cursor type will help P32 determine which 
cursor following is used in your particular application.  First call up the 
Advanced Settings Window by pressing the SHIFT and CONTROL and 
MINUS keys, then TAB or use ALT and F to go to the Favour Cursor 
radio buttons.  The cursor will go to the button that is currently in use.  
Use the UP or DOWN cursor keys to set the cursor for spreadsheet / 
database modes.

X5.8	Using Protalk and Scanners with OCR Software.
P32 can help you to use any document scanner in combination with 
Windows-compatible Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software.  
Windows-compatible OCR applications have either their own built-in 
word processors or the ability to add a scan-in feature to your favourite 
word processor.  In either case, P32 is compatible with both the OCR and 
your word processor.  Scan the document and read it in the OCR's word 
processor, then open your own word processor and load the scanned 
document.
The quality of the document readout or display will depend largely on how 
well your scanner and OCR program interpret the document.  If 
conditions are at their best you can expect, as claimed by the 
manufacturers, up to 98% accuracy.
If your scanner equipment uses a DOS driver, it is possible that the 
interrupt will be in conflict with the P32 DOS box driver interrupt setting.  
In such cases, you must change the scanner’s interrupt.  If the scanner 
does not permit that you change the interrupt, disable the P32 DOS box 
driver in the CONFIG.SYS.

X5.9	Protalk32 And Internet Access.
Internet access programs, like Mosaic and Netscape similar to application 
help are interwoven with Hypertext.  Hypertext as you probably already 
know is text distinguished by a different color which by highlighting or 
pointing and click allow you access or execute the function of that subject.  
Unfortunately Internet access programs unlike application help support 
only point and click access, and no keyboard browsing commands, 
making access somewhat more difficult to accomplish.
By substituting point and click with an automatic hypertext recognition 
feature and then listing it in the Protalk32 Item Manager, access to 
Internet has been redesigned to an easy manageable alphabetical list with 
cursoring and enter selection.
When using an Internet access program you have the following options.
1.	Hypertext listing in Item Manager
2.	Reading the text with F10, read or display whole window 
	command.
3.	Use Protalk numberpad Navigation key commands to navigate 
	and read or display the text.
To list the Hypertext in the Item Manager, first run the Internet access 
program then call up the Advanced Settings Window by pressing the 
SHIFT and CONTROL and MINUS keys, then TAB or use ALT and F to 
go to the Favour Cursor radio buttons.  The cursor will go to the button 
that is currently in use.  Use the UP or DOWN cursor keys to set the 
cursor for the Telecommunications mode.
To recall the Hypertext and access it in the Item Manager, make sure the 
Num Lock is “ON”, then press the PLUS key to call up the Item Manager 
from within the Internet access application in use.  When you open the 
Item Manager, it will display two text boxes that are separated 
horizontally.  The upper text box, which is where the cursor will be 
located, will display the names of the previously trained Internet access 
software buttons.  The lower text box will display the Hypertext 
alphabetically.  To move the cursor to the Hypertext listings, press the 
TAB key once.  Then, to select the Hypertext you want to access, cursor 
down to your selection and press ENTER.  The Item Manager will close 
automatically.
Protalk32 includes an orientation feature that is available in both the upper 
and lower text boxes in the Item Manager.  If there are any previously 
trained Internet program buttons in the upper text box, you can press the 
spacebar when it is on a highlighted button.  P32 will read the name of the 
button and provide a readout of the button’s location in the Internet 
program.
In the lower Item Manager window, you can press the Spacebar on a 
highlighted Hypertext entry.  P32 will supply a context for the Hypertext 
entry by reading or display the full line of text that contains it.
Reminder: When returning to your previous application switch the Favour 
Cursor type setting back to the proper setting.  In case your application 
previously was configured to save the specific settings then the Favour 
Cursor Type is automatically reset.

X5.10	Rotating Windows In An Application Program.
Most Word Processor applications include a feature for checking the 
spelling in documents.  When the feature is activated, a spelling checker 
window is called up, which individually displays each misspelled word in 
the document and provides the user with various options for treating the 
misspelled word.
The Rotate Windows feature in Protalk32 is a useful tool that allows you to 
rotate between the spelling checker window and your document in the 
application, so that if you need to, you can refer to the originating sentence 
of a particular word to check for its context and usage. To activate the 
Rotate Windows feature, press ALT and the DIVIDE key.
Once you have rotated to your document, it is recommended not to use any 
editing key commands, because in many applications such commands 
automatically close the spelling checker window. Instead, if you must 
navigate in your document while the spelling checker is activated, first use 
the Rotate Windows command to return to your document, and then use the 
Control and Scroll Lock command to switch P32 to its Navigation mode. 
The Rotate Windows command can also be used to rotate between multiple 
call-up windows (similar to the spelling checker window) in the same 
application.

X5.11	Condensing The Readout / Display Of Status Lines.
If you want to save time by condensing the readout or display of status lines, 
Protalk32 has a feature that lets you pick out one or more sections of a 
status line, leaving the others silent. 
The average number of sections in an application status line is 6. P32 lets 
you select any combinations of sections from 1 to 9, or even 0 (none). Use 
the Control and Period command to call up the Select Status Line Read or 
Display Function. Then enter the number for each section you would like to 
be SILENT. In other words, you select the sections that you do NOT want to 
have read or displayed.  When you are ready to accept your selection, press 
ENTER.
Example: If a status line consists of 7 sections and you want it to be 
condensed so that the program only reads out or displays sections 2, 3, 5, 
and 7, type in 1 4 6.  Sections 1, 4, and 6 will be omitted during the read out 
or display of the status line.
Once you press ENTER, the condensed status line will be saved specific to 
the application in which you made the adjustment.

X5.12	Where Are Icons And Buttons Actually Located?.
With the help of the Protalk32 Item Manager, you can both identify and 
find out the position of the icons in a program and of the buttons (if listed) 
in an application tool bar.
To use the feature, call up the Item Manager and cursor down to an icon or 
button listing.
To receive a readout or display of the position of the object, press the 
Spacebar.  P32 will identify the item and announce its position, depending 
on the Relative Cursor Position Indicator setting in the Advanced Settings 
Window, either in Pixels or in percentages of the window that contains the 
object.
The position will be read out relative to the upper right hand corner of the 
window that contains the object.
If you are in the Item Manager on the listing for a trained button, pressing 
the spacebar will read the name of the button and its location in the 
application.
The same spacebar feature can be used for orientation purposes in the lower 
text box of the Item Manager, where you may encounter Hypertext.  If you 
press the spacebar on a highlighted Hypertext entry, P32 will supply you 
with a general context for the entry by reading or displaying the entire line 
of text that contains the Hypertext.

X6	Protalk32 And Application Hot Keys

X6.1	Listing Hot Keys And Reading / Displaying Their Functions In 
P32.
Common in DOS applications, Hot Keys have been carried over to the 
Windows environment.  An added benefit of working in Windows is that 
most key combinations have the same function in all Windows-based 
applications.  At the touch of a key, P32 can list all current application hot 
key commands in the Item Manager.  P32 will list the functions that are 
available in the window in which you are working; in other words, the 
window in which you would currently find the cursor.  If you enter on a 
hot key command in the list of hot keys, that action will activate the 
command in the application.
Whenever you call up the Hot Key listing, only the Hot keys that are 
currently active in the application will be displayed.
Temporarily disabled application Hot Keys will not be shown until the 
application requires them to be valid again.
The Hot key and Hot key function display will not be affected by the 
setting of the "Use Short Form of Menu and Dialog" readout in the P32 
Advanced Settings window.
The P32 program includes another feature, which is important when 
“tutoring” oneself, which is the readout/display of the function before its 
execution.  When the application hot key mode is activated, there will be a 
readout or display of the function of a Hot key just before its execution.  
For example, when the feature is switched on in MS Word, pressing 
CONTROL and B will produce a readout or display of the word, “BOLD", 
which is the function for that Hot key command.
Braille Display users may find that the Hot key readout is hard to follow 
because of follow-up text display on some functions, such as the opening 
up of a new window.  In such situations it is recommended that you use 
application menus or the Hotkey and Function output feature in the Item 
manager.
When the P32 key function mode is “checked”, a function will be read out 
or displayed but not executed.  To use hot key commands, you must 
“uncheck” the Read Protalk key functions.  The reading out of keys is for 
learning purposes only; the execution of tasks in that mode could create 
confusion.

X6.2	How To List Windows And Application Hot Keys.
To list the available hot keys for individual applications, call up the Item 
Manager, and with the NUM LOCK "ON," press  PLUS on the number 
pad.  Once in the Item Manager, ignore the application or button listings 
and immediately TAB or use ALT and K to get to the Hot Keys button.  
When you activate the button, the Item Manager will display all of the Hot 
keys and functions used in the current Windows or Application window in 
the order in which Protalk located them.  The cursor will be on the first 
hot key listing.  Browse through the list as required, and ENTER on your 
selection to execute the Hot key command.  To leave the Item Manager 
without entering on a hot key command, press the ESCAPE key, or TAB 
to the Cancel button and ENTER.

X6.2.1	Toggling The Readout or Display Of Application Hot Key 
	Functions.
To turn On and Off the readout or display of application hot key functions 
call up the P32 Console window by making sure the NUM LOCK is 
"ON," then pressing CONTROL and MINUS on the number pad.
Next, go directly to the Read Application Hotkey Function checkbox by 
pressing ALT and 5, or move to the checkbox with the TAB key.
Once the checkbox is accessed, there will be a confirmation and a readout 
of its current setting.  Toggle the checkbox On or Off by pressing the 
SPACEBAR once.  P32 will acknowledge the change.
The default setting for the Readout or Display of Application Hot Key 
Functions is “On.”

X6.2.2	Toggling The Readout or Display Of P32 Key Functions.
To toggle P32 readout functions between “On” or “Off”, with the 
Numlock “ON” press CONTROL and PLUS on the number pad.
This allows you to quickly check on the exact function of a Protalk key 
command in an efficient manner and then by toggling it back to off 
immediately execute it.
Alternatively to turn P32 readout functions “On” or “Off”, call up the P32 
Console window by making sure the NUM LOCK is "ON," then pressing 
CONTROL and MINUS on the number pad.  Next use the TAB key or 
press ALT and 8 to go to the P32 Hot key function checkbox.
When the check box is accessed, there will be a confirmation and a 
readout of the current setting.  Press the SPACEBAR once to toggle the 
checkbox “On” or “Off”.  P32 will acknowledge the change.
The default setting for the Readout/ Display of P32 Hot key functions is 
“Off”.
Reminder: In this mode, P32 key command functions are available for 
readout or display only; to execute the functions, you must turn the feature 
Off.

X7	Protalk32 Tutorial

X7.1	How To Use The Protalk32 Tutorial.
A short “real life” tutorial is included in the Protalk32 package for the 
convenience of prospective P32 users.
To run the tutorial, make sure the NUM LOCK is "ON," then in Windows 
3.1 go to the Windows Program Manager and press the PLUS key on the 
number pad, which will call up the P32 Item Manager.  Cursor down the 
application group listings and ENTER on the P32 listing.  Next, cursor to 
the Tutorial listing and ENTER to open it.  Or, go to the Windows  3.1 
Program Manager and use ALT and W to select the Windows menu, then 
cursor down to select the P32 Application Group and ENTER.
Finally, use the cursor keys to move from icon to icon until you are on the 
P32 Tutorial icon and ENTER.
In Windows 95, use CONTROL and ESCAPE to open the P32 folder, 
then cursor to the P32 Tutorial program listing and ENTER.
Start the tutorial by cursoring through the document with the DOWN 
cursor key and gain hands-on experience with P32 by following the 
directions as they are read or displayed to you.

X8	Reading Features In Protalk32.
In Protalk32 the emphasis is on providing you with flexibility in reading 
and displaying text formats with the fewest possible key commands.  You 
will find that the universal P32 key commands enable near-effortless 
navigation through text and data.  By moving the Application cursor to 
the Navigation cursor position, or vice versa, you can cover large areas of 
text very accurately and efficiently.
Depending on which mode you are in, P32’s Hot Key reading functions 
are referenced to the position of the Application or Navigation cursors.  
Consequently, you have great flexibility to select text logically and with 
full comprehension, in both spoken and Braille formats.
The Application mode read commands, which are the ones you likely will 
use most of the time, are similar to those of the Navigation mode, except 
that in the application mode, commands correspond to the application 
cursor, and in navigation mode, to the navigation cursor.  P32 also 
supports a third set of intuitive commands that are accessible within both 
modes.
When the Detect Tables and Columns feature is checked in the P32 
Console, read or display commands issued from a table or newspaper 
column will be confined to the boundaries of the tables, for both the 
application and navigation modes.
To enable greater or lesser detail in speech comprehension during the 
readout process, it is possible to toggle punctuation between On, 
Interactive or Off, capitalization On, Raised pitch or OFF, to read by spell 
out or spoken, or with international phonetic representation to help 
differentiate words otherwise sounding similar, as with the English A and 
H, or Z and C.
When the Punctuation is switched to the Interactive mode, the punctuation 
readout is silent during the execution of readout commands but is 
pronounced when cursoring from character to character or when 
executing word read commands.
When capitalization is turned to Raised Pitch, P32 will raise the Pitch 
level every time it lands on a Capitalized character.
Blocks of text, whether sentences, paragraphs, marked blocks or clipboard 
contents, can be read or displayed in Normal or Quick Scan rate, 
depending on your preference.  Even though block read commands are 
centered around the position of the application cursor, when such 
commands are entered, P32 will send the Navigation cursor to the 
beginning of the block of text.  When the PAUSE key interrupts the block 
text read, all the Navigation read commands can be used for more precise 
proof-reading.
Read or display commands issued from both the application and 
navigation modes are further enhanced with the Enhanced Line Read 
feature, which enables detailed text readout for precise proofreading and a 
professional document appearance.

X8.1	Reading / Displayin The Position Of The Application Cursor.
To read the position of the Application Cursor, press ASTERISK (also 
called STAR or MULTIPLY) on the number pad.

X8.2	Reading / Displaying The Application Cursor Position In A 
Column.
To read position of the Application Cursor in a Column, press ALT and 
ASTERISK (also called STAR or MULTIPLY) on the number pad.

X8.3	Reading / Displaying The Position Of The Navigation Cursor.
To read the position of the Navigation Cursor, press SHIFT and 
ASTERISK (also called STAR or MULTIPLY) on the number pad.

X8.4	Reading / Displaying The Navigation Cursor Position In A 
Column.
To read the position of the Navigation Cursor in a Column, press SHIFT 
and ALT and ASTERISK (also called STAR or MULTIPLY) on the 
number pad.
Note:
If application incompatibility makes it difficult for P32 to read the text in 
your word processor document, the problem may stem from the fact that 
P32 cannot properly track the cursor.  If such is the case, try configuring 
P32 to use the Word Processor cursor type following.  The feature helps 
P32 to determine which cursor following is used in your particular word 
processor application.
To check the word processor cursor setting, first press SHIFT and 
CONTROL and MINUS to call up the Advanced Settings Window, then 
use TAB or ALT and F to go to the Favour Cursor radio buttons.
The cursor will be on the button currently in use.  To set the word 
processor mode, use the UP or DOWN cursor keys.
Reminder: If the text feedback in your word processor application is 
malfunctioning, there is a good chance that one or more settings have 
been configured for the wrong type of application.  In word processors 
make sure that both Fast Track and spreadsheet Favour Cursor settings 
are OFF.

X8.5	Readout / Display Of Application Menu Items.
As you move through the listings in an application menu, P32 will 
announce or display the underlined letter in the menu item name, then the 
name of the menu item, and then if it is present, the short cut key 
command.
The underlined letter is the letter you can use to call up an item without 
pressing ENTER.  Inactive menu items, that is, items that are temporarily 
unavailable or not applicable, are displayed in a dimmed text mode, and 
are announced or displayed as "disabled."  Menu items that have ellipses, 
which are three period dots that follow a listing, have a dialog box 
attached and are announced or displayed as "Has dialog box attached."
Menu items with a right hand arrow after their listing will cascade or 
expand to a sub-menu.  These are read within the listing as "Has sub-
menu."
If you wish, you can select a short form menu readout or display option in 
the Advanced Settings Window.  To make this adjustment, call up the 
Advanced Settings Window with SHIFT and CONTROL and MINUS.
Then TAB to the Use Short Form of Menu and Dialog Readout checkbox 
or use the ALT and 4 key command.  Press the SPACEBAR once to 
change the setting from unchecked to checked.  Press ENTER to exit and 
save the setting.
The short form used for speech or Braille will in both cases read or 
display only the name of the menu function.
See also chapter 3.13.4 "Use Short Form of Menu and Dialog Readout."

X8.6	Description Of Text Readout In Protalk32.
The layout of the number pad key commands is structured to make text 
reading an intuitive operation, based logically on the relative position of 
the Application cursor.  A bit of thought and practice will make it easier 
to remember the number assignments.
REMINDER: When referring to the number pad keys for navigating or 
any other purpose, the NUM LOCK must be "ON."

X8.7	Protalk32 Application Mode.
When the NUM LOCK is switched ON, Protalk32 mode is active, so P32 
controls the number pad and isolates number pad keys from the 
application.  All key or key combination commands from 1 to 9 that are 
issued from the number pad in P32 mode are Application mode 
commands and correspond to the Application cursor.
In the application mode, by preceding each of the number pad read 
commands with SHIFT, CONTROL, or SHIFT and CONTROL you can 
read the same text in either spelled, enhanced, or phonetic mode.
Enhanced refers to formatting characteristics such as line indentation, the 
typeface of font used, the font size in points, color, and the presence of 
text characteristics such as bold, underline, and strike-through.
Readout is as follows: First, there is a readout given of any indentation 
from the left border of the window to the start of the text, followed by the 
text font size in points and colour, then the font name and typeface of the 
font, and finally, a consecutive reading of the text in that format.
When a text line contains two or more different fonts, they are read out in 
individual groups of font size defined by point size, font name and 
typeface, followed by the text appearing in that font.
Since a Braille user reads text on a display, spelling and phonetic displays 
are omitted and only the enhanced mode is shown.
To switch the number pad to the Application mode, toggle the NUM 
LOCK function "ON."
Use the CONTROL and SCROLL LOCK key combination to toggle the 
assignment of the number pad keys 1 to 9 between Application and 
Navigation modes.

X8.8	Reading Text In The Application Mode.
The following readout commands are performed without requiring that 
Application cursor move from its position in the text.  This facility is 
particularly helpful in reviewing previously entered text without losing 
reference to the current point of data insertion.
When the Detect Tables and Columns feature is checked in the P32 
Console, Application mode read or display commands issued from tables 
or newspaper columns are restricted by the boundaries of the tables.
When the Detect Tables and Columns feature is not checked in the P32 
Console, Application mode read or display commands issued from tables 
or newspaper columns will ignore column and table boundaries.

X8.8.1	Reading Words In The Application Mode.
To read the word under the Application cursor, press the 5 key on the 
number pad.
To read the word to the left of the Application cursor, press the 4 key on 
the number pad.
To read the word to the right of the Application cursor, press the 6 key on 
the number pad.
By combining each of the word read commands with SHIFT, CONTROL, 
or SHIFT and CONTROL, you can hear the same word either spelled, 
enhanced and phonetic readouts.  On Braille displays, only the enhanced 
display is available.

X8.8.2	Reading Lines In The Application Mode.
To read the line containing the Application cursor, press the 1 key on the 
number pad.
To read the line above the line containing the Application cursor, press 
the 8 key on the number pad.
To read the line below the line containing the Application cursor, press 
the 2 key on the number pad.
To read from the start of the line to the Application cursor, press the 7 key 
on the number pad.
To read from the Application cursor to the end of the line, press the 9 key 
on the number pad.
To read the Application Status Line, press the PERIOD key on the 
number pad.
Except for the status, by combining each of the other Line read commands 
with SHIFT, CONTROL, SHIFT and CONTROL, you can read the same 
line spelled, enhanced and phonetic readouts.  On Braille displays only 
the enhanced display is available.
NOTE:
When using the two read line commands, from the beginning of the line 
to the cursor position, and from the cursor to the end of the line, P32 will 
read from the beginning of the line to the cursor position in the word and 
start from the cursor position in the word to the end of the line, provided 
the cursor is on a word when you issue one of the commands.

X8.9	Block Reading In Protalk32.
The Protalk32 Block Reading feature is an important tool for 
proofreading, editing, and searching for text.  The feature increases your 
work area by letting you read text without moving the application cursor.  
Instead, the Navigation cursor leads the reading process by re-locating 
itself at the beginning of each new the line, starting at the beginning of 
the text.   The cursor remains stationary at the beginning of the line while 
the line is being read, then takes up its position at the start of the next line 
just as the previous readout finishes.  The feature helps P32 to let you 
pause the read or display, and also allows you to use read commands 
specifically centered around the navigation cursor.  For instance, if you 
were searching for a specific text, the feature lets you approximate the 
location of the text without having to move the application cursor.
Then, with a single keystroke, you can bring the application cursor to the 
required text and edit as much as you wish.
The following listings are all classified by P32 as a Block Read:
1.	Highlighted Block.
2.	Read Present, Previous, and Next Sentence.
3.	Read Present, Previous, and Next Paragraph.
4.	Scan Window.
5.	Scan rest of text in Window.
6.	Scan Current Column Application Cursor is in.
Most of these commands are mainly designed for use in Word Processor 
type applications, but Highlighted Block Read, for example, is equally 
suited to use in spreadsheets and databases.  Usability of any of the other 
read or display block commands depends largely on the compatibility of 
the application.
Although the Clipboard, Read Whole and Rest of Document commands 
are also Block Read functions, because they are only pure read or display 
functions, the general description listed below of Block Reading does not 
apply to them.

X8.9.1	How To Read A Block of Text.
With all Block Read or display commands, except for the Whole and Rest 
of Document read commands, the Navigation cursor automatically is set at 
the start of the highlighted block, paragraph, or sentence, and then follows 
the text by moving from line to line.  Consequently, you are able to 
interrupt a block read and conduct a local search centered around the 
navigation cursor within the text block, which provides you with 
flexibility in browsing through text or proofreading with navigation read 
commands.
When the Read Blocks In Scan Voice feature is checked in the P32 
Console, all blocks of text are read at the Scan Voice Rate and Pitch.  
When the feature is unchecked, P32 will read all blocks of text at the 
Application Voice Rate and Pitch.
In P32, all Block Read or display commands issued from Braille displays 
are displayed line by line, regardless of the rate setting.  This allows you 
to determine your own reading speed through forward scrolling and down 
cursoring.
Nonetheless when you have your output set to simultaneous speech and 
Braille output, the display of Braille text automatically is refreshed at the 
rate of the speech.  Thus if either the application voice or quick scan 
speech rate is too fast for reading, you can slow it down by lowering the 
voice rate in the P32 console.
To start a Block Read, use any of the available function key commands or 
combinations found in Chapter  8.10, “ Reading With Function Key 
Commands.”
To Abort Block Text Read or Display, press CONTROL.  The read or 
display will stop altogether.
If you use CONTROL to interrupt a Block text read in progress, the read 
will be canceled altogether.
Pressing CONTROL in combination with any other key will also cancel a 
read or display in progress.
To pause a Block text read or display, press the PAUSE key.
The PAUSE key toggles between pausing and resuming the scan.  Since 
the Pause key is not a function key, it is not necessary to press the minus 
key first.  When the scan is stopped with the Pause key, the Navigation 
cursor will be at the beginning of the most recently read line.  You are 
now free to navigate through the text, browsing and proofreading, but you 
are not restricted to the block of text.  At your leisure use any or all of the 
available application and navigation cursor commands.  When Braille 
displays are in Pause mode, you can scroll and cursor in any direction.
When the Pause Block Read command is issued, P32 locks the whole 
block and the location of the pause into memory.  Therefore, the Resume 
puts the read or display of the block at the exact line where it was 
interrupted.
Using the CONTROL key  singly or in combination during the Pause 
period does not cancel the block read.  Therefore CONTROL issued 
during the block pause will Abort intermediate text Read or Display in 
Paused Block Text but not the block read or display itself.
If during the pause you decide you don’t want to continue the block read, 
simply ignore the cancel command.  It is not necessary for you to restart 
the Block Read to cancel it with the CONTROL key.
Other block read commands issued during any block read automatically 
cancel the previous PAUSE command.
To Resume Block Text Read or Display, press the PAUSE key again.
Pressing the PAUSE key again continues the text block readout at the line 
where the text was interrupted.
The navigation cursor will once again follow the text from line to line.
If you issue a reading command in a work area where there is no text 
displayed, P32 will announce "NO TEXT."

X8.10	Reading With Function Key Commands.

X8.10.1	Reading Sentences.
If a read sentence command is issued and then paused, the read 
commands that are centered around the navigation cursor  can still be 
used.  Depending on the setting in the P32 Console, the sentence read will 
be executed in either the Application or Quick Scan Voice rate and pitch.
On Braille devices, unless P32 is set for simultaneous speech and Braille 
output, sentences will be displayed line by line. You determine your own 
reading speed by scrolling and cursoring.  In the case of simultaneous 
speech and Braille output, text will be refreshed on Braille devices at the 
same rate as the speech.
P32 identifies sentences by applying general grammatically accepted 
rules.  In certain circumstances, for instance when grammar rules are not 
precisely obeyed, P32 could have trouble identifying the start or end of a 
sentence.
To read the sentence that contains the Application cursor, first press the 
number pad MINUS key to activate the secondary function, then press 
F12.
To read the sentence before the one that contains the Application cursor, 
first press the number pad MINUS key, then press SHIFT with F12.
To read the sentence after the one that contains the Application cursor, 
first press the number pad MINUS key, then press CONTROL with F12.
To Abort the Sentence Read or Display, press CONTROL.

X8.10.1	Reading Paragraphs.
If a read paragraph command is issued and then paused, the read 
commands that are centered around the navigation cursor can still be 
used.  Depending on the setting in the P32 Console, the paragraph read 
will be executed either in the Application or Quick Scan Voice rate and 
pitch.
On Braille devices, unless P32 is set for simultaneous speech and Braille 
output, paragraphs will be displayed line by line, and you determine your 
own reading speed by scrolling and cursoring.  When there is 
simultaneous speech and Braille output, Braille text will be refreshed 
automatically at the same rate as the speech.
P32 identifies paragraphs by the presence of a blank line before and after 
a group of text that contains one or more consecutive sentences.
To read the paragraph that contains the Application cursor, first press the 
number pad MINUS key to activate the secondary function,
then press F11.
To read the paragraph before the one that contains the Application cursor, 
first press the number pad MINUS key, then together with SHIFT, 
press F11.
To read the paragraph after the one that contains the Application cursor, 
first press the number pad MINUS key, then together with CONTROL, 
press F11.
To Abort the Paragraph Read or Display, press CONTROL.

X8.10.3	Reading / Displaying A Marked Block.
If a read marked block command is issued and then paused, depending on 
how the application handles cursor tracking, most of the read commands 
that are centered around the navigation cursor can still be used.
Depending on the setting in the P32 console the marked block read is 
executed in the application or quick scan voice rate and pitch.
On Braille devices, unless P32 is set for simultaneous speech and Braille 
output, a marked block is displayed line by line, and you determine your 
own reading speed by scrolling and cursoring.  When there is 
simultaneous speech and Braille output, Braille text automatically is 
refreshed at the same rate as the speech.
P32 identifies a marked block by the highlighting in the text.
To read or display a Marked Block, press MINUS on the number pad, 
then F9.
To Abort the Marked Block Read or Display, press CONTROL.
NOTE:
When the Marked Block read is finished the Navigation cursor will be 
sent to the end of the block, without disturbing the highlighting of the 
block.

X8.10.4	Reading / Displaying The Clipboard.
Reading or Displaying the Clipboard, like the Whole and Rest of 
Document Read or Display functions, is for proofreading text only.
Since the function is for proofreading, no local searches can be made by 
means of the number pad read commands.   Nevertheless, P32 uses the 
clipboard function in a unique way: whenever the Read the Clipboard 
command is issued, the Clipboard text is duplicated and copied to another 
location in memory.  Consequently, when a Clipboard read is paused, it is 
still possible to manipulate other text and data in your current document, 
i.e., cutting and copying, without losing the rest of previously clipped text 
when you want to resume reading/displaying.
To read or display the Clipboard, press MINUS on the number pad, then 
press SHIFT and F9 together.
To Pause the Clipboard text read or display, press MINUS on the number 
pad, then press SHIFT and CONTROL and F9.  If you do not cut or copy 
any text or data during a Pause, you can also resume the clipboard Read or 
Display by pressing the PAUSE key.
The clipboard command, depending on your setting in the P32 console, is 
read in Application or Quick Scan rate.  If the rate of speech is too fast, 
lower the Voice rate setting.  On Braille devices, unless P32 is set for 
simultaneous speech and Braille output, clipboard text will be displayed 
line by line, and you determine your own reading speed by scrolling and 
cursoring.  When there is simultaneous speech and Braille output, Braille 
text automatically will be refreshed at the same rate as the speech.
When the clipboard display is stopped, P32 read commands will not work 
in the paused text.  However, on Braille displays, you can cursor or scroll 
in the line in which the display was stopped.
To Abort the Clipboard Read or Display, press CONTROL
NOTE:
To conserve memory, Protalk32 limits the clipboard Read or Display to 
300K of text.

X8.10.5	Reading / Displaying The Text In A Window.
The command to Read or Display Text in the Current Window covers all 
of the text in the current window or document work area.  This command, 
depending on the setting in the P32 Console, will be read at either the 
Application or Quick Scan rate.  If the rate of speech is too fast, lower the 
voice rate in use.  On Braille devices, unless P32 is set for simultaneous 
speech and Braille output, window text will be displayed line by line, and 
you determine your own reading speed by scrolling and cursoring.
When there is simultaneous speech and Braille output, Braille text  
automatically will be refreshed at the same rate as the speech.
To read or display Current Window Text, press MINUS on the number 
pad, then F10.
To Abort the Window Text Read or Display, press CONTROL.

X8.10.6	Reading / Displaying The Rest Of The Text In A Window.
The command to Read or Display Rest of Window Text covers the text 
from the application cursor to the end or bottom of the window.
This command, depending on the setting in the P32 Console, will be read 
at either the Application or Quick Scan rate.  If the rate of speech is to 
fast, lower the Voice rate in use.  On Braille devices, unless P32 is set for 
simultaneous speech and Braille output, the rest of the text in the window 
will be displayed line by line, and you will determine your own reading 
speed by scrolling and cursoring.  When there is simultaneous speech and 
Braille output, Braille text will be refreshed automatically at the same rate 
as the speech.
To read or display Rest of Window Text, press MINUS on the number 
pad, then CONTROL and F10.
To Abort the Rest of Window Text Read or Display, press CONTROL.

X8.10.7	Reading / Displaying The Whole Document.
Protalk32 also uses the Windows Clipboard function for whole document 
text reading.  Therefore, whenever you use this function, any text 
currently stored on the clipboard will be deleted and replaced 
automatically with a copy of the document text.  The Whole Document 
Read or Display function, like the clipboard read, is for proofreading text 
only.  For a precise description of the extent of text reading and displaying 
see Chapter 8.10.4, “Reading / Displaying the Clipboard.”
To conserve memory, the command to read or display whole document 
text is limited to documents of 300K or less in size.
The whole document command, depending on the setting in the P32 
Console, is read at either the Application or Quick Scan rate.  If the 
speech rate is too fast, lower the Voice rate.  On Braille devices, unless 
P32 is set for simultaneous speech and Braille output, the whole document 
text will be displayed line by line, and you determine your own reading 
speed by scrolling and cursoring.   When there is simultaneous speech and 
Braille output, Braille text will be refreshed automatically at the same rate 
as the speech.
To read or display Whole Document Text, press MINUS on the number 
pad, then SHIFT and F10.

X8.10.8	Reading / Displaying The Rest Of The Text In A Document.
Protalk32 also employs the Windows Clipboard function for the Rest Of 
Document text reading function.  Therefore, whenever you use this 
function, any text that is currently stored on the clipboard will be deleted 
and automatically replaced with a copy of the section of document text 
that starts at the application cursor and ends at the end of the text.
The Rest of Document Read or Display function, like the clipboard read, 
is for proofreading text only.
For a precise description of the extent of text reading and displaying, see 
chapter 8.10.4,  “Reading / Displaying the Clipboard.”
To conserve memory, the command to read or display the rest of the text 
is limited to text of 300K or less in size.
The Rest of Text command, depending on the setting in the P32 Console, 
will be read at either the Application or the Quick Scan rate.  If the speech 
rate is too fast, lower the Voice rate.  On Braille devices, unless P32 is set 
for simultaneous speech and Braille output, the rest of the document text 
will be displayed line by line, and you will determine your own reading 
speed by scrolling and cursoring.  When there is simultaneous speech and 
Braille output, Braille text will be refreshed automatically at the same rate 
as the speech.
Reading or Displaying Rest of Document Text is a proofreading function 
only and is not meant for editing
To Read or Display the Rest of the Document Text, press MINUS on the 
number pad, then SHIFT and CONTROL and F10.
To Abort the Rest of the Document Text Read or Display, press 
CONTROL.

X8.10.9	Scanning The  Current Column Of The Application Cursor.
The command to read or display the text of the column that contains the 
application cursor covers the text from the top of the column to the bottom 
of the window.  In situations where the column does not touch the end of 
the page or the bottom of the window, when the column read command 
reaches the end of the column, will continue to read across the whole 
width of the text to the bottom of the window.  Depending on the setting 
in the P32 Console, the command will be read at either the Application or 
the Quick Scan rate.  If the speech rate is too fast, lower the Voice rate.  
On Braille devices, unless P32 is set for simultaneous speech and Braille 
output, the rest of the window text will be displayed line by line, by 
scrolling and cursoring.  With simultaneous speech and Braille output, 
Braille text automatically will be refreshed at the same rate as the speech.
To read or display Current Column Text, press MINUS on the number 
pad, then ALT and F10.
To Abort the Current Column Text Read or Display, press CONTROL.

X8.11	Reading Out And Displaying With The Cursor Keys.
Protalk32 automatically tracks the position of the application cursor, and 
provides a readout when the cursor position changes.
There are two sets of UP / DOWN and LEFT / RIGHT cursor (arrow) keys 
on the keyboard.
The first set is the standard (or inverted T) cursor pad and the second set 
is the numeric keypad.
When the NUM LOCK key on the numeric keypad is toggled ON, its 
functions, including the cursor keys, are reserved for P32.

X8.11.1	Reading Single Characters With Cursor Keys.
When the Application cursor is moved with the LEFT or RIGHT cursor 
keys, the character to the right of the moving cursor will be read out.
When the cursor is moving too quickly, the readout of the previous 
character is interrupted and resumes with the next character.
Speech synthesizers that have a rapid speech capacity will read out 
characters choppily, as described above, while slower synthesizers may 
read characters intermittently and / or stutter when text is introduced 
faster than it can be processed.   Readout will always be current.

X8.11.2	Reading Single Characters When Deleting.
When the Read Letter Before Delete feature is checked in the P32 
Console, a character will be read out just before it is deleted.  If the 
function is not checked, the new character under the cursor will be read 
when the delete button is pressed.
If the new character is a blank space, and the blank space detect is 
inactivated, no readout will follow.
If deleting is performed too quickly, the readout will interrupt the reading 
of the most recently deleted character, to read the character next to be 
deleted.  Readout will always be current.

X8.11.3	Reading Single Characters When Backspacing.
When the Read Letter Before Delete feature is checked in the P32 
Console, pressing the backspace will read the character about to be 
deleted.  When the feature is not checked, pressing backspace will produce 
a readout of the new character under the cursor.  If the new character is a 
blank space, and the blank space detect is inactivated, there will not be a 
readout.
When backspacing is performed too rapidly, the readout will interrupt the 
reading of already deleted characters to read only the next character to be 
deleted by backspace.  Readout will always be current.

X8.11.4	Reading Lines.
When the Application cursor is moved with the UP and DOWN cursors, 
there will be a readout of the line that contains the Application cursor, 
regardless of at what point the cursor touches that line.  If the cursor is 
moved up, the next line up will be read out.  If the cursor is moved down, 
the next line down will be read out.
When cursor movement is performed too rapidly, the readout of  the most 
recently read line will be interrupted and the readout of the next line will 
begin.  Readout will always be current.
To Abort the Line Read or Display, press CONTROL.

X8.12	Protalk32 Navigation Mode.
The Navigation cursor is used in the Protalk32 Navigation mode.
It is a transparent cursor, unique to P32.  P32 uses the mouse cursor on 
the screen to represent the position of the Navigation cursor.
The “borrowing” of the mouse cursor indicator does not impede mouse 
functions, and is in fact a useful tool that helps sighted users follow the 
navigation cursor, which is especially important in teaching situations.
Whenever a document opens, P32 will park the Navigation cursor at the 
top left-hand corner of the document.
The mouse cursor indicator will move to the position of the Navigation 
cursor only when you issue a read or move command in the Navigation 
mode.  Similarly, if you issue a read or move command in Navigation 
mode after using the mouse cursor for an Object-oriented search (or any 
other purpose), the mouse cursor indicator will move or return to the most 
recent Navigation cursor position.
When the NUM LOCK is switched ON, P32 mode is active, and P32 
controls of the number pad and isolates number pad keys from the 
application.  If you activate the CONTROL and SCROLL LOCK 
command in addition to activating the NUM LOCK, the number pad will 
be toggled from the Application mode to the Navigation mode, and all key 
or key combination commands that are entered on the number pad 
numbers 1 to 9, will be Navigation mode commands that correspond to 
the Navigation cursor.
Compared to the Application mode, the Navigation mode can perform 
more functions.  Like the Application mode, it can Read or Display text 
corresponding to the Navigation cursor, but it also lets you move the 
Navigation cursor with number pad key commands.  The fact that you can 
move the Navigation cursor through text, and read or display the text that 
corresponds with its position, lets you search for specific text without 
disturbing the position of the Application cursor.
The way you can Read or Display text that is associated with the 
Navigation cursor read and move commands differs slightly from those of 
the Application cursor.  When you are using the Navigation cursor move 
commands, the readout or display is limited to the reading or displaying 
of the text.  However, using the Navigation read commands is similar to 
the application mode, in that by preceding each of the read commands 
with a SHIFT or CONTROL or SHIFT and CONTROL key command you 
can read the same text in either a spelled, enhanced, or phonetic mode.
Enhanced mode refers to formatting, such as line indentation, the typeface 
of font used, the font size in points, colour, and the presence of text 
characteristics (such as bold, underline, and strike-through).
Readout begins with any indentation from the left border of the window to 
the beginning of the text, then the text font size in points and colour, 
followed by the font name and typeface of the font, and finally ends with a 
consecutive reading of the text in that format.
When a text line contains two or more different fonts, they will be read 
out in individual groups of font size defined by point size, font name and 
typeface, followed by the text that appears in that font.
Since Braille users read text on a display, spelling and phonetic display is 
omitted and only the enhanced mode is shown.
You cannot input text from the keyboard at the position of the Navigation 
cursor unless you move the Application cursor to the position of the 
Navigation cursor.  The Navigation cursor is to be used only for reading 
text, displaying and or searching.  As you move from line to line, the 
Navigation cursor will completely bypass blank lines.  If you are moving 
the Navigation cursor to read lines and you move the cursor faster than 
the line readout can keep up, the readout will drop the last line and 
resume on the next line to be read out.  Similarly, Braille displays will 
refresh faster than you can probably read if you move the Navigation 
cursor too quickly.
By preceding each of the word read commands with SHIFT or CONTROL 
or SHIFT and CONTROL you can read the same word either spelled, 
enhanced, or phonetically.
Enhanced mode refers to formatting, such as line indentation, the typeface 
of font used, the font size in points, colour, and the presence of text 
characteristics (such as bold, underlined, and strike-through).
Readout will begin with any indentation from the left border of the 
window to the beginning of the text, then the text font size in points and 
color, followed by the font name and typeface of the font, and finally, a 
consecutive reading of the text in that format.
When a text line contains two or more different fonts, they will be read 
out in individual groups of font size defined by point size, font name and 
typeface, followed by the text appearing in that font.
Since Braille users read text on a display, spelling and phonetic display is 
omitted and only the enhanced mode is shown.

X8.13	Moving The Navigation Cursor.
The following commands are used to move the Navigation cursor from its 
position in the text.  By first searching with the Navigation cursor in text 
for areas to be reviewed or corrected, previously entered text can be 
scanned effectively with simple commands without moving the 
Application cursor from its original position.  If you have found text in 
need of editing, then with the NUM LOCK ON press ZERO to direct the 
Application cursor to the position of the Navigation cursor.
Moving the Navigation cursor from line to line always produces read out 
or display of the whole line.  Moving the cursor with any other command, 
depending on the word detect setting, produces only readout or display of 
the word or character landed on.  When the word detect feature in the 
Console is checked, except for single characters, words are read.  When 
unchecked the first character is read.
Adjust the word detect checkbox with the CONTROL and MINUS key 
command to call up the P32 Console.  TAB to the Detect Words setting or 
alternatively to reach the check box function directly, use the ALT and 1 
number key command.
Using ALT and G also takes you to the same place.  Toggle the 
SPACEBAR to Check or Uncheck the setting.
The default setting of the Detect Words Checkbox is checked.
When the Detect Tables and Columns feature in the P32 console is set to 
checked, Navigation mode move commands issued from within a table or 
newspaper column are, unlike the Navigation read commnads, not 
confined to within the boundaries of the tables.

X8.14	Reading Single Characters With The Navigation Cursor.
To read the Character to the left by moving Navigation Cursor, press ALT 
together with the 1 on the number pad.
The Navigation cursor will move to the left and the next character that 
touches the cursor will be read out.
To read the Character to the right by moving Navigation Cursor, press 
ALT together with the 3 on the number pad.
The Navigation cursor will move to the right and the next character that 
touches the cursor will be read out.
Single characters will be Read or Displayed regardless of whether or not 
the Word Detect feature is “checked”.

X8.14.1	Reading Single Words With The Navigation Cursor.
To read the Word to the left by moving Navigation Cursor, make sure that 
the Word Detect feature is checked, then press ALT together with the 4 on 
the number pad.
The Navigation cursor will move one word to the left.  The word will be 
read out, and the cursor will move to the beginning of that word.
To read the Word to the right by moving Navigation Cursor, make sure 
that the Word Detect feature is checked, the press ALT together with the 6 
on the number pad.
The Navigation cursor will move one word to the right.  The word will be 
read out, and the cursor will move to the beginning of that word.  When 
the Word Detect feature is not checked, only the first character of the 
word will be Read or Displayed.

X8.14.2	Moving Navigation Cursor To Beginning And End Of Line.
To move the Navigation Cursor to beginning of the line, make sure the 
Word Detect feature is checked, then press ALT together with the 7 on the 
number pad.
The Navigation cursor will move to the beginning of the line, and there 
will be a readout of the word at the beginning of the line.
To move the Navigation Cursor to the end of the line, make sure the Word 
Detect feature is checked, then press ALT together with the 9 on the 
number pad.
The Navigation cursor will move to the end of the line, and there will be a 
readout or display of the words, "End of line."
When the Word Detect feature is not checked only the first character of 
the first word on the line will be read or displayed.

X8.15	Reading Lines With The Navigation Cursor.
To reading the lines above and below by moving Navigation Cursor, press 
ALT together with the number pad 8 (to move UP) or 2 (to move 
DOWN).
The Navigation cursor will move Up or Down one line.  The line that 
contains the Navigation cursor will be read out, regardless of the location 
of the Navigation cursor on that line.  When you cursor UP or DOWN too 
quickly for the readout of the line to be completed, the readout will be 
dropped and then resumed on the next line.  Similarly, Braille displays 
will refresh faster than you can probably read if you move the Navigation 
cursor too quickly.
IMPORTANT: When you move the Navigation cursor Up and Down from 
line to line, it will stay in the same column.

X8.16	Moving Navigation Cursor To Application Cursor Position.
By moving  the Navigation Cursor to the position of the Application 
Cursor, you can mark blocks or review the text near the Application 
cursor without disturbing the position of the cursor.  In both the 
Application and Navigation modes, you can move the cursors together by 
pressing SHIFT together with the ALT and ZERO key.
Regardless of its current location, the Navigation cursor will be directed to 
the position of the Application Cursor..

X8.17	Reading Text In The Navigation Mode.
The following readout commands can be performed without moving the 
Navigation cursor from its position in the text.
If you use the Navigation cursor to look through text for areas to be 
reviewed or corrected, you can use simple commands to scan the text 
without moving the Application cursor from its original point of data 
entry.  When you find text that you want to edit, make sure the NUM 
LOCK is ON, and press ZERO on the number pad to direct the 
Application cursor to the position of the Navigation cursor.
When the Detect Tables and Columns feature in the P32 Console is 
checked, Navigation mode read or display commands that are issued from 
within a table or newspaper column will be confined within the 
boundaries of the tables.
When the Detect Tables and Columns feature in the P32 console is not 
checked, Navigation mode read or display commands that are issued from 
within a table or newspaper column, column and table boundaries will be 
ignored.
To use the Navigation Read and or Display commands, first with the 
NUMLOCK ON followed by CONTROL and SCROLL LOCK switch the 
number pad from the Application mode to the Navigation mode.

X8.17.1	Reading Words In The Navigation Mode.
To read the word under the Navigation cursor, press the 5 key on the 
number pad.
To read the word to the left of the Navigation cursor, press the 4 key on 
the number pad.
To read the word to the right of the Navigation cursor, press the 6 key on 
the number pad.
By combining each of the Read Word commands with SHIFT or 
CONTROL or SHIFT and CONTROL, you can read the same word either 
spelled, enhanced, or phonetically.  On Braille displays, only the 
enhanced display is available.

X8.17.2	Reading Lines In The Navigation Mode.
To read the line that contains the Navigation cursor, press the 1 key on 
the number pad.
To read the line above the line that contains the Navigation cursor, press 
the 8 key on the number pad.
To read the line below the line that contains the Navigation cursor, press 
the 2 key on the number pad.
To read from the start of the line to the Navigation cursor, press the 7 key 
on the number pad.
To read from the Navigation cursor to the end of the line, press the 9 on  
the number pad.
To read the Navigation Status Line, press the PERIOD key on the number 
pad.
NOTE:
If you use one of the two read line commands, from the beginning of the 
line to the cursor position and from the cursor to the end of the line, P32 
will read from the beginning of the line to the cursor position in the word 
and start from the cursor position in the word to the end of the line, 
provided that the cursor is on a word when you issue the command.
Except for the status, by combining each of the other Line read commands 
with SHIFT or CONTROL or SHIFT and CONTROL key command you 
can read the same line either spelled, enhanced, or phonetically.  On 
Braille displays, only the enhanced display is available.

X8.18	Selecting Text Blocks.
Many applications that run under Windows, and especially Word 
Processors that run under Windows, use the ability to select or mark 
whole blocks of text.  The feature enables deleting, cutting, copying and 
inserting blocks of cut and copied text either in the same or in another 
Windows application program..  All text that is cut or copied text is stored 
temporarily on the Windows Clipboard, from where it can again be 
inserted.  Any text that is stored on the clipboard must be inserted before 
you cut or copy another block of text, or it will be deleted.
Selecting text for deleting will not affect stored clipboard text, because 
deleting is done with the delete key, and has nothing to do with the 
Clipboard.  However, selecting text to be deleted can have disastrous 
results if the wrong text is selected, since deleted text is gone forever once 
you make another keyboard operation.  Fortunately, most programs do 
support an Undo Edit feature.
Reading the Clipboard contents will not delete or otherwise affect the 
contents of the clipboard.  Neither will reading a selected text block before 
it is deleted or cut or copied alter the beginning or end positions of its text 
block settings.
P32 has two different ways of selecting text with readout or display.  One 
method involves selecting the beginning of the text block with the 
Navigation cursor and then positioning the Application cursor to do the 
reading.
The other method involves the use of the standard Windows cursor 
movement commands, using SHIFT together with the cursor keys.
Use whichever method best suits your requirements.
Text blocks are nothing but areas of text that are highlighted between two 
points.  Sighted users usually position the mouse cursor at the beginning 
of the text to be marked, then hold down the left mouse button and drag 
the cursor to the end of the block.  When they are at the end of the 
selection, they release the button and the “dragged” block is permanently 
highlighted and ready for processing.
The moment the left mouse button is pressed, the application cursor 
assumes the mouse cursor position, and the “dragging” process increases 
the size of the application cursor to fit over or “highlight” the area that is 
dragged over.  The cursor does not need to be dragged in any particular 
direction, in fact it is fine to mark the text backwards, as long as you keep 
moving in the same direction, because you can highlight text on only one 
side of the starting position.  For example, if you first move the cursor to 
the left and then turn back to the right, the highlighted area you made 
while traveling left will decrease in size as you approach your original 
starting point, and as soon as you cross it, still traveling to the right, it 
will increase again, this time on the right side of the starting point.
Marking a block is not an exclusive mouse function; it can be performed 
just as easily with a few simple key commands, and with a little practice 
and the facilities of P32 it should become a simple process.

X8.18.1	Using Quick Scan Commands For Start of Text Block Marking.
For most purposes, such as copying large tracts of text, scan commands 
are the fastest way to find the start of a block of text to be marked.
Depending on where you are located or where in the text you need to 
search, press MINUS on the number pad, then one of the following F10, 
Shift and F10, Control and F10, Shift and Control and F10, or Alt and 
F10 key combination to start reading the text at either the Application or 
the Quick Scan rate, depending on the setting in the P32 Console.
On Braille displays, use the DOWN arrow key to read the scanned lines 
continuously.
When you reach the line of text where you want to set the cursor, press the 
PAUSE key to stop the search in pause mode.  The Navigation cursor will 
be located at the start of the line where the PAUSE commenced.
If you stop your search on the wrong text line, resume the search either by 
pressing PAUSE again or by switching over to a local search, using 
CONTROL and SCROLL LOCK to toggle the number pad to Navigation 
mode.  Then use ALT and 8 or ALT and 2 to move the Navigation cursor 
up or down one line, with simultaneous readout, or use the 8 and 2 keys 
by themselves to read only the lines above or below the Navigation cursor.
Once you are on the correct line, use ALT and 6 to move the Navigation 
cursor one word at a time to the right, until you identify the precise 
position where you want to begin the marked text.  Every time you press 
ALT and 6 together the cursor will move to the start of the next word to 
the right which, depending on the setting of the the Word Detect feature, 
will be read out or announced by the first letter of that word.
Once the Navigation cursor is placed at the beginning of the intended 
block, move the Application cursor to the same position.  Press ZERO on 
the number pad.
The start of the block will now be secured by the position of the 
Application cursor, with the Navigation cursor occupying the same 
position, so that both can be used to find the end of the text block.
At this point the Navigation cursor proves to be an asset, because as was 
explained earlier, pressing the left mouse button turns the mouse cursor 
into the application cursor.  For our purposes, the Navigation cursor will 
not change, regardless of how you proceed; it will remain available from 
where you last left it, which is important because you can now mark a 
block of text in two different ways, using wither the application cursor or 
the navigation cursor.

X8.18.2	How To Mark A Block of Text With The Application Cursor.
In the previous section we learned how to select the beginning of a text 
block with the Navigation cursor, and then secure its position with the 
Application cursor.  The next step will be to expand the Application 
cursor to highlight to the end of the marked block.
Use SHIFT or the CONTROL and SHIFT key combination with one of the 
cursor keys to expand the Application cursor so it can highlight to the end 
of the text.  If you use Shift and the left or right cursor keys, the cursor 
will expand one character or space at a time.  If you use the Control and 
Shift key combination with a cursor key, the Application cursor will 
expand word by word.  If you are marking a block in this manner, do not 
let go of the Shift key.  Release it only after you have reached the end of 
the marked text.  Then, be careful not to press a cursor key before you 
process the text, or your marked block will become unmarked and the 
cursor will return to being a single character.
If you do hit a cursor key, you will have to start marking the block all over 
again, beginning with moving the Application cursor to the position of the 
Navigation cursor, which should still be at the start of the marked block 
unless you issued a Move Navigation Cursor command.
If you ever release the Shift key but then decide that you want to mark 
more text, hold down the Shift key again, then press the cursor key to 
continue the cursor expansion.  The highlighting process will never be 
affected by releasing or pressing the Control key while you are marking a 
block; the Control key only controls whether or not you highlight one 
character or one word at a time.
The above method is only one of two that applies moving the application 
cursor to mark the block.  The next method uses the cursor keys to move 
the application cursor so that you can mark the block between the two 
cursors.
As before, the process starts off the Application and Navigation cursors 
located together at the start of the block.  Your next step is to move the 
Application cursor as quickly as possible to the end of the block of text to 
be marked or highlighted.
Depending on how large is the area to be marked, move the application 
cursor by character, word by word, or even line by line until you reach the 
end of the block.  To move quickly from line to line, simply use the 
DOWN cursor key.  The DOWN cursor key will move the cursor to 
approximately the same column position in the line below, unless the new 
line is shorter than the line that contained the cursor previously, in which 
case the cursor will simply go to the end of the new line.
Each time you move to a new line, there will be a readout of that whole 
line.  When you get to the line at the end of the text, you can determine 
the exact position of the end of the target text with the LEFT or RIGHT 
cursor keys.
To mark the block that is now defined as the area between the Navigation 
cursor and the Application cursor, press ALT together with the ZERO key 
on the number pad.  The block is now marked and ready for your intended 
operation.
Remember not to press a cursor key before the text is processed, or your 
marked block will be unmarked and the expanded cursor will return to a 
single character application cursor.
If you mark a block and then decide to extend the marked block further, 
hold down the shift key and continue the expansion by pressing the cursor 
key you were using before.
You can use any of the four cursor keys to mark text.
You do not necessarily always have to travel forward or down in the text, 
although it is presumably easier to understand.

X8.18.3	How To Mark A Block Of Text With The Navigation Cursor.
In the previous section we learned about how to mark a block of text with 
the Application cursor.  The following method will shows you how to do 
the same thing with the Navigation cursor.
We will start where we previously left the Navigation cursor at the 
beginning of the text to be marked.  Remember that we also interrupted 
the Quick scan with the PAUSE key to enable definition of the beginning 
of the text.  Unless you reconfigured the start of the text using another 
method, the Pause should still be in effect.  Depending on how far you 
expect to go through the text to find the end of the block, you can continue 
the search by resuming the Quick scan of the text or you can do a local 
search with the Move Navigation cursor commands.  To resume the Quick 
scan, simply press the PAUSE key and search as you learned in the 
section on finding the start of a block of text.
Before using the Move Navigation cursor commands make sure that the 
number pad has been toggled to the Navigation mode with the CONTROL 
and SCROLL LOCK key command.
You can move the Navigation cursor straight down the screen, reading 
each line as it travels, by pressing ALT together with the 2 on the number 
pad.  When you reach the line that contains the end of the target text, 
depending on the Detect Word setting, you can start reading words or the 
first letter of the word, by moving the Navigation cursor one word to the 
left or to the right with ALT and 4 or 6 on the number pad.  To find the 
exact end of the text block, switch to the move character command by 
using ALT and the 1 key or the 3 key from the number pad.  Once the 
navigation cursor is located at the end of the intended text block the 
defined block must be defined  between the Application and Navigation 
cursors.  Press ALT together with the ZERO on the number pad.  The 
block will now be marked and ready for your intended action.
To cancel a marked block without processing, press one of the cursor 
keys, which will reduce the highlighted area and the cursor back to a 
single character application cursor.
When you need to make corrections to the marked block, you can press 
SHIFT and any of the necessary cursor keys to make corrections without 
having to define the block from the beginning.  In this case, pressing a 
cursor key will increase or decrease the block one character or one line 
length at a time.  If you press CONTROL in combination with SHIFT the 
cursor will move word by word.

X9	Protalk And Braille.

X9.1	The Protalk32 Braille Monitor.
In certain circumstances it is an asset if the Braille display output can be 
shown in alpha numeric text on the computer screen in the exact format 
as it is displayed on the Braille display.  The Protalk32 Braille Monitor 
will always show the entire window’s width of text, with the Braille 
display line highlighted.  For example, if a line of text in a document is 
120 characters long, the Braille Monitor will show the same 120 
characters, but with only the number of highlighted characters represented 
in the number of Braille cells on your Braille display.  When you scroll 
through the text the Braille Monitor highlighting will scroll along with it.  
On the Braille Monitor the cursor is represented by an inverted text 
character.
To toggle the Braille Monitor ON or OFF with the Num Lock “ON” first 
press MINUS followed by the SHIFT and CONTROL and F5 key 
combination.
Since the Braille Monitor has been implemented as a form of visual 
assistance, its only purpose is to display Braille text and therefore is not 
accessible for any other P32 functions.

X9.2	Braille Displays And Protalk32.
Braille displays, depending on their degree of sophistication, are generally 
much more flexible than speech synthesizers in terms of how text and data 
from the computer can be displayed.  To enhance Braille display features, 
Braille manufacturers are encouraged to use a helpful P32 toolbox to 
develop a customized Braille driver that suits their own individual 
requirements.  Some of these Braille displays, in addition to having 
custom function keys, are also full access Braille units that allow standard 
PC keyboard emulation, and can provide generous access to Protalk32 
functions.
Check with your Braille display manufacturer to find out about the 
availability of a custom P32 driver and accompanying documentation.
P32 includes a universal Braille driver for the Braille devices that are 
listed in the Readme file, which are not supported with customized drivers 
from their manufacturers.
The following text describes the P32 universal Braille driver functions.  
Depending on the sophistication of the Braille device, some functions can 
be accessed from the computer keyboard if they are not available directly 
from the Braille device.

X9.3	Description Of The Protalk32 Generic Braille Driver.
The types of Braille devices that can use the generic Protalk32 driver can 
vary, from full access units to one-line display devices.  Wherever possible 
the P32 driver adapts to use the available features of the Braille device 
efficiently.  Certain generic P32 Braille functions are executed exclusively 
from the computer keyboard, such as the marking a block and 
corresponding block reading functions.
With a few minor exceptions, the generic P32 Braille display screen 
reading features are similar to those used for speech output.  Within the 
limitations of the Braille display, the Braille display and computer 
keyboard have simultaneous access to similar navigating and keyboard 
input commands.
Because of the different modes required by Braille display and speech 
output, text navigation and readout or display of text is sometimes 
differently applied.  For instance, the Read Word Left and Right 
command, as a speech command, would speak the requested word, while 
in Braille the application cursor line would be re-drawn to include the 
requested word.  When the application cursor is moved, a Braille display 
will stop the cursor 9 characters from each end of the display, then 
automatically scroll the characters, one at the time.  When the beginning 
or the end of line characters shows up, the cursor will continue to move.
Scrolling commands on all Braille displays move the whole display, 
depending on how many characters are left on a line, one display width to 
the right or left, a whole display line up or down or character by character.
For instance, a 60 character line on a 40 character Braille display, when 
moved forward, displays the last 20 characters plus 20 blank spaces.
Pressing the scroll Forward key again reformats the display, indicated by a 
beep, and displays the last 40 characters of the 60 character line.
Pressing the scroll Backward key will re-format the display and display 
the first 40 characters of the 60-character line.
An attempt to scroll past the beginning or end of a line will be indicated 
by a computer beep.
When a display is scrolled Up or Down a line, the characters on the next 
line will be positioned around the cursor as on the previous line.
The P32 block read functions (e.g. “Previous sentence”) can be accessed 
from the computer keyboard by all Braille displays that use the generic 
driver.  The block read commands begin by displaying the beginning of 
the text connected with that command.  To scan the rest of the block, with 
some Braille displays you have to continue to use the computer key board 
keys; on most others, the Forward, Backward, UP and Down key 
commands are available.
Once the Block Read is activated, no other functions can be accessed 
unless the Block Read is canceled.  To Cancel, press the Control or Pause 
key on the computer keyboard or issue a comparable Braille display key 
command.
On units that have a Router buttons option, press the corresponding 
Router button to move the Navigation cursor for Block marking purposes.  
When moving the cursor for Block marking purposes on units without 
Router buttons, it is necessary to use the Computer keyboard number pad 
commands.
By pressing the Minus key on the keyboard number pad, followed by Shift 
and F5, you can toggle the Indentation display between Off and On.
When the indentation display is switched Off, text will start at the first 
cell and will be displayed without indentation and tab spacing.  When the 
display is On, the indentation and tab spacing will be shown 
proportionally.  The proportional dimension of the indent and tab spacing 
will be calculated by P32, and will depend largely on the type and size of 
font in use.
You can toggle the Navigation cursor indication On and Off on all Braille 
display units by pressing the Minus key on the keyboard number pad.
Any Braille Display command, or a computer keyboard key command that 
controls the same function, will be routed either to the Braille display or to 
speech output or both, depending on the setting in Braille Router Window.
For instance, if you press the Period key on the computer keyboard when 
the Status Line reading is set for Braille display, the line will be displayed.
If the Status Line reading is set for speech output and you press the 
corresponding key on the Braille display, the status line will be spoken.
If the Status Line reading is set for both speech and Braille output and you 
press the corresponding key on either the keyboard or the Braille display, 
the status line will be spoken and displayed.  The period key on the 
computer key board and the corresponding key on the Braille display are 
identical in that they call up the same function, so P32 treats them 
equally.
When functions in the P32 Braille Router window are set to be spoken, 
they will be governed by the rules and key commands of P32 speech 
output.
Whenever a Braille display is disconnected from a computer and then re-
connected to the same computer, you must alert P32 to the change by 
pressing a Braille key.  P32 will then resume communications with the 
Braille unit, according to the previous configuration in the Braille Router 
window.

X9.4	The Protalk32 Braille Router.
When a speech synthesizer or Braille device is connected, there is a 
separate dialog box or radio button panel called the Protalk32 Braille 
Router that is accessible by pressing the ALT and MINUS key 
combination or from within the P32 Console.  From each of the nine 
functions, the Braille Router lets you select one of 4 possible radio button 
settings: Spoken, Braille, Speech and Braille, or All Off.
You can only make adjustments in this window if a Braille device was 
selected and connected in addition to a speech device at the time of 
installation.  Applications that use only Speech or Braille will still have an 
accessible Braille Window, but settings will be defaulted to either Speech 
or Braille, and the other adjustment options will be disabled.
If the setting in the Braille Router is All Off, meaning that both speech 
and Braille output to the P32 Braille Router are completely switched off, 
both speech and Braille will be temporarily restored when you open the 
window.  The speech and Braille settings will be temporarily routed 
internally to Speech and Braille output without affecting any radio button 
settings.  You will then be able to make whatever adjustments you require.
To prevent your losing access, a readout will not be available when you 
change a Braille Router setting until you exit the Braille Router.
These are the functions that are available in the Protalk 32 Braille Router 
Console.
They are listed in 3 columns of 3 functions each.
Starting with the left column in the top left corner:
1.	Cursor Movement
2.	Dialog Boxes
3.	Reading Commands.
Starting with the middle column at the top:
1.	Keyboard Input.
2.	Status Lines.
3.	Messages.
Starting with the right column at the top:
1.	Menu Readout.
2.	Navigation.
3.	DOS Box.
These are the command buttons that are available in the P32 Braille 
Router window.
The buttons are listed in 2 logically-arranged groups on the right side of 
the window.  The top group contains the execution buttons; the second 
group contains one access button for a different control window and 2 
buttons for the immediate selection of speech or Braille.
The first group contains 3 buttons:
1.	OK (or ENTER).
2.	Cancel (or ESCAPE).
3.	Help
The second group contains 4 buttons:
1.	Advanced.
2.	All Spoken.
3.	All Braille.

X9.4.1	How To Navigate In The P32 Braille Router Window.
First, access the P32 Braille Router with ALT and MINUS.  When the 
window opens, the cursor will be on the current radio button setting for 
Cursor Movement.  Use TAB or Shift TAB to move to another function or 
command button.
Or, to reach buttons directly, use ALT and one of the following mnemonic 
letter keys, each of which corresponds to a setting.
ALT and C goes to the Cursor movement function radio button.
ALT and K goes to the Keyboard input function radio button.
ALT and U goes to the Menu readout function radio button.
ALT and D goes to the Dialog Boxes function radio button.
ALT and S goes to the Status Lines function radio button.
ALT and N goes to the Navigation function radio button.
ALT and R goes to the Reading Commands function radio button.
ALT and M goes to the Messages function radio button.
ALT and O goes to the DOS Box function radio button.
ALT and V goes to the Advanced Braille Settings window call up button.
ALT and S goes to the All Spoken settings command button.
ALT and B goes to the All Braille settings command button.
ALT and H calls up the Braille Router Help window.
Only one radio button in a function can be On at one time, and when you 
turn a radio button On, the previous one will be switched Off.   You can 
adjust which radio button will be active by using the UP or DOWN cursor 
keys to move the cursor off the current radio button and onto the one you 
want to activate.  Although you are given a readout or display whenever 
you move from one function to another in the Braille Router, no function 
settings will be activated until the Braille Router is closed.
Press ENTER to save and activate the new button settings.  ENTER also 
closes the Braille Router.  However, if you want to close the Braille Router 
window and revert back to the old button settings, press the ESCAPE key 
instead of ENTER.
Make sure that you have changed any incorrect settings by the time you 
press ENTER to close the window, or you will have saved the settings as 
they appear on the screen.
If you are unsure of the function of the radio button under the cursor, 
press the PERIOD key on the number pad to obtain a condensed Status 
Line description.

X9.4.2	Cursor Movement.
Cursor movement can be assigned to one of four modes for readout 
purposes: Spoken, Braille, Speech and Braille, and All Off.
To adjust the setting for Cursor Movement, follow the instructions in 
Chapter 9.4.1, "How To Navigate In The Protalk32 Braille Router."
When the Braille Router window opens, the cursor automatically will be 
placed on the old setting.  If you are located somewhere other than the 
Braille Router window, you can change the Cursor Movement setting with 
TAB, SHIFT and TAB, or ALT and the letter C.
The default setting for Cursor Movement is "Spoken."

X9.4.3	Dialog Boxes.
Dialog Boxes can be assigned to one of four modes for readout purposes: 
Spoken, Braille, Speech and Braille, and All Off.
To adjust the setting for Dialog Boxes, follow the instructions in chapter 
9.4.1, "How To Navigate In The Protalk32 Braille Router."
When the Braille Router window opens, the cursor automatically will be 
placed on the current setting for Cursor Movement.   Move to the setting 
for Dialog Boxes by pressing TAB three times.
Or, to reach the radio button directly, use ALT and the letter D.
In the Braille Router, the default setting for Dialog Boxes is "Spoken."

X9.4.4	Reading Commands.
Reading Commands function can be assigned to one of four modes for 
readout purposes: Spoken, Braille, Speech and Braille, and All Off.
To adjust the setting for Reading Commands, follow the instructions in 
Chapter 9.4.1, "How To Navigate In The Protalk32 Braille Router."
When the Braille Router window opens, the cursor automatically will be 
placed on the current setting for Cursor Movement.   Move to the setting 
for Reading Commands Function by pressing TAB six times.
Or, to reach the radio button directly, use ALT and the letter R.
The default setting for Reading Commands is "Spoken."

X9.4.5	Keyboard Input.
Keyboard Input can be assigned to one of four modes for readout 
purposes: Spoken, Braille, Speech and Braille, and All Off.
If you choose Braille output for this function, the speech-related Console 
settings for Sensitivity and Spell Keyboard Input will be ignored.
To adjust the setting for Keyboard Input, follow the instructions in 
Chapter 9.4.1, "How To Navigate In The Protalk32 Braille Router."
When the Braille Router window opens, the cursor automatically will be 
placed on the current setting for Cursor Movement.   Move to Keyboard 
Input by pressing TAB once.  Or, use ALT and the letter K.
The default setting for Keyboard Input is "Spoken."

X9.4.6	Status Lines.
Status Lines can be assigned to one of four modes for readout purposes: 
Spoken, Braille, Speech and Braille, or All Off.
To adjust the setting for Status Lines, follow the instructions in Chapter 
9.4.1, "How To Navigate In The Protalk32 Braille Router."
When the Braille Router window opens, the cursor automatically will be 
placed on Cursor Movement.  Move to Status Lines by pressing TAB four 
times.
Or, to reach the radio button directly, use ALT and the letter S.
The default setting for Status Lines is "Spoken."

X9.4.7	Messages.
Messages can be assigned to one of four modes for readout purposes: 
Spoken, Braille, Speech and Braille, and All Off.
To adjust the setting for Messages, follow the instructions in Chapter 
9.4.1, "How To Navigate In The Protalk32 Braille Router."
When the Braille Router window opens, the cursor will be placed on 
Cursor Movement.  Move to Messages by pressing TAB seven times.
Or, to reach the radio button directly, use ALT and the letter M.
The default setting for Messages is "Spoken."

X9.4.8	Menu Readout.
Menu Readout can be assigned to one of four modes for readout purposes: 
Spoken, Braille, Speech and Braille, and All Off.
To adjust the setting for Menu Readout, follow the instructions in Chapter 
9.4.1, "How To Navigate In The Protalk32 Braille Router."
When the Braille Router window opens, the cursor will be placed on 
Cursor Movement.  Move to Menu Readout by pressing TAB twice.
Or, to reach the radio button directly, use ALT and the letter U.
The default setting for Menu Readout is "Spoken."

X9.4.9	Navigation.
Navigation can be assigned to one of four modes for readout purposes: 
Spoken, Braille, Speech and Braille, and All Off.
To adjust the setting for Navigation, follow the instructions in Chapter 
9.4.1, "How To Navigate In The Protalk32 Braille Router."
When the Braille Router opens, the cursor will be placed on Cursor 
Movement.  Move to Navigation by pressing TAB five times.  Or, to reach 
the radio button directly, use ALT and the letter N.
The default setting for Navigation is "Spoken."

X9.4.10	DOS Box.
Modes of output for DOS Applications that are run in the Windows DOS 
box are controlled by the DOS Box setting in the Braille Router.
DOS Box can be assigned to one of four modes for readout purposes: 
Spoken, Braille, Speech and Braille, and All Off.
To adjust the setting for DOS box, follow the instructions in Chapter 
9.4.1, "How To Navigate In The Protalk32 Braille Router."
When the Braille Router window opens, the cursor will be on Cursor 
Movement.  Move to DOS Box by  pressing TAB eight times.
Or, to reach the radio button directly, use ALT and the letter O.
The default setting for DOS Box is "Spoken."

X10	Advanced Braille Settings.
There is a dialog box (or “checkbox panel”) in the P32 Braille Router 
called the Advanced Braille Settings window.  This dialog box lets you 
choose how the cursors are displayed, custom design your own cursor, and 
edit or create your own Braille language.  As in the Braille Router 
window, all output functions are temporarily set for Speech and Braille 
output until you close the Braille Router window.
These are the function and command buttons in the Advanced Braille 
Settings window:
Functions
1.	Language Setting.
2.	Display Cursor As.
3.	General Settings.
Command buttons.
1.	OK.
2.	Cancel.
3.	Help

X10.1	The Advanced Braille Settings Window.
The P32 Advanced Braille Settings Window consists of a one-line text 
box showing two buttons for calling up the Braille Table Editor window, 
below which is another text box with two separate one-line text boxes 
showing two buttons for calling up the Braille Cursor Editor window.
There is also a General Settings box showing four check functions.
Next to the language Setting box and above the General Settings box are 
three general purpose command buttons, and at the bottom of the window 
there is a Status Line Help.
This is the line of text and the two buttons as they appear in the Language 
settings Box:
1.	Table text line.
2.	Create table button.
3.	Edit Table button.
These are the two lines of text and the two buttons as they appear in the 
Display Cursor As Box:
1.	Application Cursor text line.
2.	Navigation Cursor text line.
3.	Create Cursor button.
4.	Delete Cursor button.
These are the checkbox functions that are listed in the General Settings 
Box:
1.	Force 6 dot Braille.
2.	Show highlighted blocks.
3.	Show Application cursor.
4.	Show navigation cursor.
These are the three commands that appear in the Advanced Braille 
Settings window:
1.	OK
2.	Cancel.
3.	Help.

X10.1.1	How To Navigate In The Advanced Braille Settings Window:
First with the NUMLOCK ON use the SHIFT and ALT and MINUS key 
command to call up the window.  The cursor will appear on the first line 
in the Language settings text box, on the first language in the list of 
available Braille languages.  There will be a readout of the field name, 
followed by the name of the Braille language.
To move to the lines of text, buttons, or checkbox functions in the 
Advanced Braille Settings window, press TAB or Shift TAB one or more 
times.
Or, to reach the buttons and checkboxes directly, use ALT and a 
mnemonic letter key command to go to the following settings:
ALT and L go to the Language Settings Table text box.
ALT and D go to the Display Cursor As Application Cursor text line.
ALT and G go to the Force 6 Dot Braille function checkbox in the 
General Settings box.
ALT and H call up the Advanced Braille Settings Help window.
ALT and 1 go to the Force 6 dot Braille checkbox.
ALT and 2 go to the Show Highlighted Blocks checkbox. 
ALT and 3 go to the Show Application Cursor checkbox.
ALT and 4 go to the Show Navigation Cursor checkbox.
To exit the Advanced Braille Settings Window without activating a 
function of making any adjustments, press the ESCAPE key, or TAB to 
the Cancel button and Enter.
If you are unsure of the function of the button or checkbox under the 
cursor, press the PERIOD key on the number pad for a condensed 
description from the Status Line Help.

X10.2	How To Set The General Setting Checkbox Functions.
Call up the Advanced Braille Settings Window with the NUMLOCK ON 
followed by the SHIFT and ALT and MINUS key command.  Then TAB 
to the General Settings listing where the 10 checkbox functions to be 
changed are located.
Or, to reach the first checkbox function in General Settings (which is 
Force 6 Dot Braille) directly, use ALT and the letter G or ALT and a key 
command.
Both methods will move the cursor to the Force 6 Dot Braille function 
checkbox.
Once the cursor is on the checkbox, press TAB or DOWN or the RIGHT 
cursor to go to the next checkbox function.
In general, you can use either ALT and a number key or the four cursor 
keys to move from one checkbox function to another.
When the cursor is in a checkbox, you can check and un-check the setting 
by toggling the SPACEBAR.
You can check or un-check as many functions as are necessary.
The window will close and the new checkbox settings will be saved and 
activated when you press ENTER.  If you want to close the window 
without saving any changes, press the ESCAPE key instead of ENTER, 
and the checkbox settings will revert to their previous settings.
Make sure that all the settings are correct before you press ENTER; 
otherwise, whatever is checked on the screen will be saved and activated.
If you are unsure of the function of a checkbox, press PERIOD on the 
number pad for a condensed description from the Status Line Help.

X10.2.1	Force 6 Dot Braille Checkbox.
The Force 6 Dot Braille Function lets you use 6 Dot Braille on an 8 Dot 
Braille display.
Use ALT and G or ALT and 1 to go to the Force 6 Dot Braille checkbox.
The default setting for Force 6 Dot Braille is unchecked.

X10.2.2	Show Highlighted Blocks.
On 8-Dot displays, Show Highlighted Blocks shows you the highlighted 
block after the eighth dot.
Use the ALT and 2 key command to go to the Show Highlighted Blocks 
checkbox.  
The default setting for Show Highlighted Blocks is checked.

X10.2.3	Show Application Cursor Checkbox.
This function shows you the position of the Application cursor.
Use the ALT and 3 key command to go to the Show Application Cursor 
checkbox.
The default setting for Show Application Cursor is checked.

X10.2.4	Show Navigation Cursor Checkbox.
This function shows you the position of the Navigation Cursor.
Use the ALT and 4 key command to go to the Show Navigation Cursor 
checkbox.
The default setting for Show Navigation Cursor is checked.

X11	The Braille Table Editor Window.
The Braille Table Editor Window consists of three text boxes, one 
showing multiple lines of text and two showing one line of text.  There are 
four general-purpose command buttons that are near the text boxes on the 
right-hand side, and at the bottom of the window there is a Status Line 
Help.
These are the three text boxes and their field names as they appear in the 
Braille table editor:
1.	Table Name (a one-line text box).
2.	Character (a multiple line text box).
3.	Braille Map (a one line text box).
Directly beside the text boxes are the following four command buttons:
1.	OK (or ENTER).
2.	Cancel (or ESCAPE).
3.	Reset.
4.	Help.

X11.1	Navigating In The Braille Table Editor Window.
When the window is called up from within the Advanced Braille Settings 
window, the cursor will be in the Table Name text box on the file name of 
the first Braille language.  There will be a readout of the field name, 
followed by the name of the Braille language.
To move to the next text lines or buttons in the Braille table editor 
window, press TAB or Shift TAB one or more times.
Or, to reach the buttons directly, use ALT and one of the following 
mnemonic letter keys:
ALT and T to go to the Table Name scroll textbox.
ALT and C to go to the first line in the Character multiple line text box.
ALT and B to go to the Braille Map textbox.
ALT and R to go to the Reset button.
ALT and H to call up the Braille table Editor Help Window.
To exit the Braille Table editor Window without making any adjustments 
or using a function, press the ESCAPE key or TAB to the Cancel button 
and Enter.

If you are unsure of the function of the text line or button under the 
cursor, press PERIOD on the number pad for a condensed description 
from the Status Line Help.

X11.2	Creating Or Editing A New Braille Table.
The Creating or Editing A New Braille table function lets you create or 
edit a new Braille table without having to leave the program.
Creating and editing are both performed in the Braille Table Editor 
Window.
Follow the instructions in Chapter 10.4.1, "Creating a New Braille Table" 
or in 10.4.2, "Editing an Existing Braille Table".

X11.2.1	Creating A New Braille Table.
When you press the Create Table button, P32 will make you a copy of a 
pre-existing Braille language.  All that remains for you to do is to re-name 
the language, make changes to it, or edit the pin numbers, after which you 
will have created a new Braille language in as little possible time.
First call up the Advanced Braille Settings Window with the NUMLOCK 
ON followed by the SHIFT and ALT and MINUS key command.
The cursor will be in the Language Settings Table text, on the language 
that was configured during Protalk’s installation.  There will be a readout 
of the field name and the name of Braille language that is highlighted.
Cursor down to the Braille Language that is most similar to the one you 
want to create.  Then TAB once to the Create Table button and Enter.
You have now opened up the Braille Table Editor window, which will 
show the characters and numbers of pins for the Braille language you 
selected in a text box called “Character.” The language is ready to be 
edited to suit your specifications.
When you press the Create Table button, the cursor will be on the first 
line of text in the Braille Table Editor window Table Name text box.
This is confirmed by a readout of the field name and the temporary name, 
"New table."
Type in a new name for the Braille language you are going to create.
You may use any name that has less than 40 characters.  Then Tab once 
or use ALT and C to go to the character text box where the Letter 
characters and their associated pin numbers are located.
Cursor through the characters and stop at a character for which you want 
to change the number of pins.  Then TAB once or use ALT and B to go to 
the Braille Map text box, where you will find displayed the number of 
pins for the character you selected.  Change the number of pins to suit 
your requirements.
To edit another character,  use SHIFT and TAB or ALT and C to return to 
the Character text box, and then follow the same procedure as for the first 
character you modified.  When you return to the Character text box, the 
cursor will be on the character that was most recently highlighted before 
the last  edit took place.
Change as many characters as you need to.  Whenever you select a new 
character to be changed, the last one you edited is automatically saved 
when you leave the Braille map text box.  To exit for good and save the 
final entry in the Braille Map text box, press Enter key or TAB to the 
Enter button and enter.
To restore an edited character to its original state, set the cursor in the 
character text box over the character to be reset, and press ALT and R or 
TAB to the Reset button and ENTER.
To simultaneously restore all edited characters, set the cursor on the 
Braille Language name in the Table Name text box, then press ALT and 
R, or TAB to the Reset button and ENTER.
A Braille table can always return to the Braille table from which it was 
created, even after being edited and reset multiple times.
To exit the Braille Table Editor window without creating a new table or 
using other functions, press the ESCAPE key or TAB to the Cancel button 
and Enter.

X11.2.2	Editing An Existing Braille Table.
Unlike the Create function where the program copies you a Braille 
language, when you want to Edit an existing Braille table, the original 
language will be displayed in the Braille Table Editor character text box.
If you want to edit that Braille language, you can go ahead but you must 
remember to be careful because although there are safeguards in the 
program to prevent the total accidental loss of the language, you are 
actually editing the only copy of that Braille Table.
To edit an existing Braille Table, call up the Advanced Braille with the 
NUMLOCK ON followed by the SHIFT and ALT and MINUS key 
command.  The cursor will be in the Language Settings Table text box on 
the name of the Braille language that was configured at the time of P32’s 
installation.  There will be a readout of the field name and the name of the 
Braille language that is currently highlighted.  Cursor down to the Braille 
Language you want to Edit.  Then TAB twice to the Edit Table button and 
Enter.
The Braille Table Editor window will now open and display the characters 
and number of pins for the Braille language you selected, ready to be 
edited.
The cursor will be on the first line of text in the Table Name text box in 
the Braille Table Editor Window.  There will be a readout of the field 
name and the name of the selected Braille language.
Tab once or use ALT and the C key to go to the Character text box, where 
the Letter characters and their associated pin numbers are located.  Cursor 
through the characters and stop the cursor on the character whose number 
of pins you want changed.  Then TAB once or use Alt and B to go to the 
Braille Map text box, where the number of pins for the selected character 
will be displayed.  
Edit the number of pins to fit your requirements.  To edit another 
character, use SHIFT and TAB or ALT and the C key to return to the 
Character text box and follow the same instructions as those for editing 
the first character.  You can edit as many characters as you need.  Every 
time you leave the Braille Map text box and return to the character text 
box,  the newly-edited character will be saved automatically.
To reset an edited character to the setting it had when the Braille Table 
Editor window opened, set the cursor on the character to be reset in the 
character text box, and press ALT and R or TAB to the Reset button and 
ENTER.
To simultaneously reset all edited characters to their original settings, set 
the cursor on the Braille Language name in the Table Name text box and 
press ALT and R, or TAB to the Reset button and ENTER.
To exit the Braille Table Editor window without making any changes to 
the existing table or using any other functions, press ESCAPE or TAB to 
the Cancel button and Enter.

X11.3	The Braille Cursor Editor Window.
The Braille Cursor Editor Window consists of a two one-line text boxes, 
three general purpose command buttons on the right-hand side, and a 
Status Line Help at the bottom of the window.
These are the two 2 text boxes and their field names as they appear in the 
Braille Cursor Editor window.
1.	Cursor Name (a one-line text box).
2.	Braille map (a one-line text box).
These three command buttons are directly beside the text boxes:
1.	OK (the same as Enter).
2.	Cancel (the same as Escape).
3.	Help.

X11.3.1	Navigating In The Braille Cursor Editor Window.
When the window is called up from within the Advanced Braille Settings 
window, the cursor will be on the name of the first Braille cursor in the 
Cursor Name text box.  There will be a readout of the field name, followed 
by the name of the cursor.
To move to the next line of  text or the buttons, press TAB or Shift TAB 
one or more times.
Or, to reach the buttons directly, use ALT and one of the following 
mnemonic letter keys:
ALT and C to go to the first line in the Cursor Name scroll text box.
ALT and B to go to the Braille Map textbox.
ALT and H to call up the Braille Cursor Editor Help Window.
To exit the Braille Cursor editor Window without saving any changes, 
press ESCAPE or TAB to the Cancel button and Enter.
If you are unsure of the function of the textbox or button under the cursor, 
press the PERIOD key on the number pad for a condensed description 
from the Status Line Help.

X11.4	Designing Or Editing A Braille Cursor.
Since every user has his or her own preference for how a cursor should be 
displayed, P32 lets you edit an existing Braille cursor or design a new one 
without having to leave the program.  Both functions must be performed 
in the Braille Cursor Editor Window.  Follow the instructions in either 
Chapter 11.6.1, "Designing a New Braille Cursor" or in 11.5, "The Braille 
Cursor Editor Window", depending on what you want to do. 
The default setting for the Application cursor is 8 pin and for the 
navigation cursor, 7 and 8 pin.
Regardless of the cursor’s design, it always will be compatible with the 
characters that pass under it.

X11.4.1	Designing A New Braille Cursor.
First call up the Advanced Braille Settings window with the NUMLOCK 
ON followed by the SHIFT and ALT and MINUS key combination.
The cursor will be in the Language Settings Table text box in the 
Advanced Braille Settings window, on the Braille language that was 
configured when the program was first installed.  There will be a readout 
of the field name and the name of the highlighted Braille language.
Without selecting a Braille Language, TAB five times to the Create 
Cursor button and Enter, or press ALT and D and then press TAB twice 
and Enter.  The Braille Cursor Editor window will now open with the 
cursor in the Cursor name text box.  There will be a readout of the field 
name and also the words “Blank Line” if the blank line warning feature is 
switched on.
Type in the name you want for the new cursor, up to forty characters.  
Then TAB to the Braille Map text box (or use ALT and B) to type in the 
pin numbers for the newly-created cursor.
To exit and save the newly designed cursor in the Braille Cursor table, 
press Enter, or TAB to the Enter button and Enter.
To exit and cancel the newly-typed cursor name and pin numbers, press 
ESCAPE or TAB to the Cancel button and Enter.
All of the cursors you create will be added to the same Braille Cursor 
table, from which the display options for the Application and Navigation 
cursors will be selected.

X11.4.2	How To Select The Application And Navigation Cursor Type.
Call up the Advanced Braille Settings Window with the SHIFT and ALT 
and MINUS key command.  The cursor will be in the Language Settings 
Table text box in the Advanced Braille Settings window, on the name of 
the Braille language that was configured when the P32 program was 
installed.  There will be a readout of the field name and the name of the 
highlighted Braille language.  Without selecting a Braille Language, TAB 
three times to the name of the Application cursor in the Display Cursor 
text box or use the ALT and D key command.  There will be a readout of 
the field name and the name of the highlighted application cursor.  Move 
up or down the list to the cursor name you want to have displayed as the 
Application cursor.  When finished, TAB once to go to the Navigation 
cursor section, and repeat the process to select a Navigation cursor.
To exit and save the selected cursor or cursors, press the Enter key or 
TAB to the Enter button and enter.  To exit and cancel the newly-selected 
cursor name or names, press the ESCAPE key or TAB to the Cancel 
button and Enter.  If you press Escape or Cancel, the cursors will revert to 
their previous settings.
Remember that you choose Application and Navigation cursors from the 
same Braille cursor table, and so they could conceivably end up displaying 
the same design.

X11.4.3	Deleting A Cursor.
Follow the same instruction as in the preceding chapter to highlight the 
cursor name in the Application or Navigation cursor list box.  Then TAB 
to the Delete button and Enter.  The highlighted cursor will be deleted and 
the following one in the list will be highlighted.  There will be a readout 
of the name of the next cursor to be deleted.
To exit and save the adjusted Braille Cursor table, press the Enter key or 
TAB to the Enter button and enter.  To exit and cancel the deleted cursor 
or cursors, press the ESCAPE key or TAB to the Cancel button and Enter.  
If you press Escape or Cancel the cursors will revert to their previous 
listings.

X12	Help In Protalk32 And Applications.

X12.1	How To Use The Protalk32 Help.
The Help facility of Protalk32, as in most user application help programs, 
is a separate program that you call up.
Unlike the application help, P32 Help has a three-step design to ensure 
you quick and total access.
In the first step, you select a topic from the contents.  In the second step, 
after the topic is selected, the cursor will be set in the individual topic list.  
Third, you can choose the required text from the individual topic list.
Once a Topic selection is made, the cursor will be placed at the top of the 
text for the next step.
The P32 Help is available in two formats: the universal P32 Help that is 
accessible from anywhere within your application, and also in condensed 
versions available only from within individual P32 call-up windows.  The 
condensed versions list only text that corresponds to the available 
functions of the window.
You can scan the contents of the P32 Help from anywhere within the 
application by pressing CONTROL together with the QUESTION MARK.  
To scan the contents of a condensed P32 call-up Help Console, press ALT 
and the H key from within the Console, or alternatively TAB to the Help 
button and ENTER.
You can read both kinds of P32 HELP by moving through the contents of 
the first window and pressing ENTER to select on a topic.  The next 
window will appear automatically, and you can cursor down the list that 
appears to select an individual topic, then ENTER on your selection.
Use the cursor keys or other P32 commands to read or display the text.
In addition to the cursor keys, the HOME, END, PAGE UP and PAGE 
DOWN key commands can be used to move through the Help topic groups 
and lists.  To return to the previous topic group or topic selection window 
press the letter B or the  Backspace key once.  To return to the contents 
from the text window, press the TAB key once.
To exit any P32 HELP text, press the ESCAPE key.
To prevent conflict, some P32 call-up windows close when you call up 
Help from within the window.  You can re-open such windows after you 
have closed the Help.

X12.2	Reading Or Displaying The Program Help In Windows 
	Applications.
The method used to access HELP text in individual Windows applications 
is similar to that used for all application programs.
HELP can be accessed from within an application with common Windows 
keyboard commands.  When the application HELP is called up, it will 
become the current window, and will probably display text without 
showing an application cursor.   If such is the case you will discover it 
instantly when you try to move the application cursor.  Except for the fact 
that you can use the TAB key, the window will seem empty.
The lack of an application cursor, although annoying, is not a real 
obstacle since there are still several options available for accessing the 
text.  You can use the P32 Read Whole Document command and the 
Hypertext feature, the Navigation mode, or the built-in options of the 
application Help.
Although some application Help menus will list quite a few Help 
functions, you should usually be most concerned with the context or index 
window and search window.   The context window is usually an 
alphabetical listing of all the application topics that are displayed 
alphabetically in Hypertext.  This particular window will let you TAB 
from one Hypertext listing to another.  When you find a listing that 
interests you, ENTER on the listing and the topic will be listed in the 
current window.
To list the Hypertext in the Item Manager, open the Application Help 
window, then call up the Advanced Settings Window with the 
NUMLOCK ON followed by pressing the SHIFT and CONTROL and 
MINUS key combination.  Next, TAB or use ALT and F to go to the 
Favour Cursor radio buttons.  The cursor will go to the button that is 
currently in use.  Use the UP or DOWN cursor keys to set the cursor for 
the Telecommunications mode.  It is recommended that you turn ON the 
Save Settings Specific to Application function, or you will have to 
manually switch the Favour Cursor Type setting back and forth between 
application and telecommunication mode.  If you activate the Save 
Settings Specific to Application, P32 automatically will do the switching 
for you.
To recall the Hypertext and access it in the Item Manager, make sure the 
Num Lock is ON, then press the PLUS key to call up the Item Manager 
from within the application Help window.  When you open the Item 
Manager, it will display two text boxes that are separated horizontally.  
The upper text box, which will contain the cursor, will display the 
application Help buttons.  The lower text box will display the Hypertext 
alphabetically.  To select the Hypertext you want to access, cursor down to 
your selection and press ENTER.  The Item Manager will close 
automatically.
The Application Help Search window is similar to a dialog box, so P32’s 
normal dialog box commands should work well.
Menu options that are frequently found in application HELP programs are 
the letter B key (back) for returning to the previous HELP display, and the 
letter S key (search) for conducting a search on a keyword.

X12.2.1	Selecting Help Directly From The Application Menu.
In most application programs, the mnemonic letter for Help is H.
Use ALT and H to access the HELP menu, then cursor down to a menu 
item and select with ENTER.  The cursor will be placed on the first topic, 
which is CONTENTS.  You will usually want this listing so that you can 
get at the topics.

X12.2.2	Selecting Help In The Application With The F1 Function Key.
It is now almost a convention in programming design that pressing the F1 
key command calls up an application’s HELP.
The Help display that appears will often be the same one that appears 
when you call up the first item in the HELP MENU.
After a modest amount of experience, you will become familiar with your 
application program.

X12.3	How to Navigate Through Application Help Text.
A typical HELP window will display descriptive text and underlined terms 
and or phrases.  In most Help displays, topics will be selected from these 
underlined terms or phrases in the text.  Once a selection is made, the 
Help screen will change to the topic, where more selections may be 
available for going into finer detail.  To select a term or phrase from the 
Help text that has a solid underline, TAB or use SHIFT and TAB to go to 
the topic you want to research, then ENTER.  If another display appears, 
repeat the process.
When you are using the TAB key to move from term to term or phrase to 
phrase, use the PAGE DOWN key to check for more terms or phrases that 
may not be displayed in the current window.

X12.4	How To Read The Application Help Window.
Once you have selected a topic from the Contents or the Search dialog 
box, you will need to use one of the following methods to proceed, as the 
text contains no cursor.
Use the P32 Read Whole Document function to read the text.
Unfortunately, there will be no indication to you that you are passing over 
Hypertext, or that when you enter on a listing the text for that particular 
listing will be called up.  However, you can always Pause the text read and 
use the TAB key to go through the text to find related topics.  Entering on 
a Hypertext listing that represents a related topic will not close the 
original text you were reading, because P32 will put it in memory 
separately.  By pressing Pause, or MINUS and then SHIFT and 
CONTROL and F9 you can resume exactly where you paused reading.
If you try to resume reading a Hypertext topic with the Read Whole 
Document text command, you will negate the pause command and lose 
the previous text.
If the opened Help text is less than one window long, make sure the NUM 
LOCK is "ON", then press MINUS on the number pad, and use F10 to 
start scanning the window.  Use the Pause key to Stop and Resume the 
scan read.  During the Pause, use the navigation mode cursor to move and 
read commands to browse through the text.
Another method for reading application Help text is to use the copy 
function that is available in the application Help Edit menu.  By so doing 
you basically transfer the text to a mini-word processor that comes 
complete with an application cursor.
Because of the application cursor, you can use all P32 read commands.
The last method is to open the Help window, and switch the number pad 
to the Navigation mode if it has not been done already.  Then use the 
Navigation cursor Move commands to read the text line by line.

X12.5	Windows 95 Help.
The Windows 95 Help program describes extensively how to use and 
operate the Windows 95 operating system.
To open the Windows 95 Help, first call up the Start Up listing with the 
CONTROL and ESCAPE key command.
Then use the UP cursor key to go to the Help program listing and press 
ENTER to select.
When the Help window opens, the cursor will be highlighting the first 
listing in the Contents window, which is the  “Introducing Window “ 
function.  There will be a readout or display of the name of the Help 
window and the highlighted subject.  Below it you can select from four 
listings called How To, Tips and Tricks and Trouble Shooting.
Alternatively, use the TAB key to go to the Contents file tab, then use the 
Right cursor key to move to Index or Find file.
The Index lists all the subjects and topics discussed in the Windows 95 
Help.  Press TAB once to go to a one-line search text box and twice to an 
alphabetical listing.  In the search line text box type in the first few letters 
of the word of the subject you are looking for, then TAB to the 
alphabetical list box where it will be listed on the top line, if the word you 
typed in is valid.   Cursor down to the exact subject and ENTER on your 
selection, or leave it highlighted and use the ALT and D key combination 
to open the text on the subject.
The topic window, like any other application Help text, is without an 
application cursor. Therefore, you will have to use the F10 Scan Whole 
Window command or if the text is longer, the SHIFT and F10 command 
to read or display the text.
See also the previous chapter`, “How to Read the Application Help 
Window.”
To close any window in the Windows 95 Help, press the ESCAPE key.

X13	Protalk32 And DOS.

X13.1	Running DOS Applications In Windows.
Protalk32 includes a P32 DOS function for running DOS applications in 
the Windows 3.1 and 95 DOS box.
You will need to configure Windows 3.1 or Windows 95 to use non-
Windows applications with Windows.  The configuration provides special 
information that Windows will need to run an application, such as the 
path to the directory where the application is stored and the extension for 
the command file that starts the application.  You can create a new “PIF” 
as they are called in Windows 3.1 and 95, or edit an existing PIF with the 
Windows 3.1 PIF editor or the Windows 95 MS-DOS prompt properties 
box.
Similarly, you must supply Windows with information about how to run 
P32 DOS in the Windows DOS box with your applications.
You may choose to run DOS applications either at the DOS box prompt, 
by selecting a DOS application icon in the Windows Program Manager, or 
from one of the Windows 95 Start Up folders.
If you choose to run DOS applications at the DOS box prompt, you must 
create a DOSPRMPT.PIF file, which will configure the DOS box to run 
with P32.  Afterward, you can use it in the DOS box to browse through 
the directories and run DOS applications.  If you choose to open a DOS 
icon in the Windows 3.1 program or a Windows 95 Start UP folder, you 
must set up a DOS program PIF file.  One of the two options must be 
chosen because DOS programs, working interactively with P32, use the 
same speech device that is installed for Windows.

X13.2	Configuring Windows 3.1 For Protalk32 DOS.
The following two chapters describe how to configure PIF files to run 
Protalk32 and DOS applications in the Windows DOS box.

X13.2.1	Configuring a PIF to Run Protalk32 At The DOS Box Prompt.
To configure a PIF file in Windows 3.1 complete the following steps:
1.	Select the MAIN application group window from within the 
	Windows 3.1 Program Manager.
2.	Cursor down to the PIF Editor listing, and ENTER to open the 
	PIF Editor Window.
3.	In the PIF Editor, call up the FILE menu, cursor through to the 
	OPEN listing, and ENTER
4.	In the OPEN listing move to the DOSPRMPT.PIF file listing.  
	Press ENTER.
5.	In the DOSPRMPT.PIF file the cursor will be in the Filename 
	list, showing the name COMMAND.COM.
	DELETE this entry and type in C:\PTDOSRUN.BAT.
6.	Then move the cursor to the Optional Parameters list box, and 
	type in COMMAND.COM.
7.	 In the Video Memory field set the TEXT radio button to the 
	checked position.
8.	In the Display Usage field set the WINDOWED radio button to 
	the checked position.
9.	In the Execution field set the BACKGROUND check box to the 
	checked position.
10.	Save the updated DOSPRMPT.PIF file.
11.	Close the PIF Editor.
Protalk32 DOS is now fully configured and is ready to run at the MS DOS 
prompt.  You can now use P32 in the Windows 3.1 DOS box to browse 
through the directories and run DOS applications from the C:\ prompt.
The newly-configured PIF file will apply to speech and Braille output 
equally without requiring any special modifications for either output 
mode, except when speech and Braille devices are connected, in which 
case you will need to call up the Braille Router in Windows to set the 
DOS box function for speech, Braille or both.

X13.2.2	Configuring A PIF To Run DOS Applications From An Icon.
To run DOS applications in Windows 3.1 by selecting the DOS Program 
Icon in the MAIN Group Window, you must set up a DOS application PIF 
file and install the DOS application in the Program Manager Window.
Hoe to configure a PIF file in Windows 3.1 to run DOS applications from 
an icon:
1.	Call up the MAIN group in the Windows 3.1 Program Manager.
2.	Select the PIF Editor listing, and ENTER to open the PIF Editor 
	Window.
3.	In the Program Filename list box type \PTDOSRUN.BAT
4.	In the Window Title list box type an abbreviated name of your 
	application, for example WP51 for Wordperfect 5.1.  The name 
	you choose the name under which the DOS application Icon will 
	be listed, in both the Program Manager and in the title bar of the 
	application window.  
5.	In the Optional Parameters field, type in C:\WP51\WP.EXE, 
	which is the file path and the name of the program.
6.	Set the Video Memory field TEXT radio button to the checked 
	position
7.	Set the Display Usage field WINDOWED radio button to the 
	checked position.
8.	In the Execution field set the BACKGROUND check box to the 
	checked position.
9.	SAVE the configuration of the WPDOS51 file.
10.	Close the PIF Editor.
Protalk32 will now be configured to run with WP 5.1 in the DOS box.
The next step will be to install a WP Icon in the Windows 3.1 Program 
Manager Main Group Window.
1.	Call up the MAIN group in the Windows 3.1 Program Manager.
2.	From the FILE menu select the NEW listing, and ENTER to 
	open the New Program Object box window.
3.	Set the PROGRAM ITEM radio button to the checked position to 
	call up the Program Item Properties window.
4.	Type WP 5.1 in the box that contains the cursor.
5.	TAB to the next text line.  Type in C:\WP51\WP.EXE, and 
	ENTER.
Now the sample DOS program WordPerfect 5.1 will be configured to run 
when it is selected from the WP 5.1 Icon in the Application Group 
Window in the Windows 3.1 Program Manager.
Repeat this process for any DOS applications you want to run in the DOS 
box.  Simply substitute the name of your DOS application for WP 5.1.

X13.3	Configuring Windows 95 For Protalk32 DOS.
Unlike Windows 3.1, in Windows 95 you must create a MS-DOS program 
icon in the Start UP listing before you can create a PIF file for running 
applications in the DOS box.
To configure a DOS program icon to use in the Start Up listing in 
Windows 95 complete the following steps:
1.	From the Start UP listings, select the Windows Explorer.
2.	From the FILE menu, select NEW, followed by Shortcut.  This 
	will open the Create Shortcut window.
3.	In the create Shortcut window select Browse to open the Browse 
	window.
4.	Select your DOS application in the Browse window by pressing 
	ENTER.
	The name of the DOS application will be listed on the command 
	line in the Create Shortcut window.
5.	TAB to the Next button and press ENTER.  This will open the 
	box to Select a Title for the program.
6.	 Type in an abbreviated name to be attached to the DOS program 
	icon.
7.	TAB to the Finish button to have the DOS application listed in 
	the program files of the Windows Explorer.
The next step is to configure the Windows 95 MS-DOS prompt properties 
box so that Protalk32 DOS can run in the DOS box.
Complete the following steps:
1.	From the Start UP listings, select the Windows Explorer.
2.	Cursor to the WIN95 folder, then cursor to the PROGRAM 
	folder.
3.	Tab to the file listing in the Program folder and cursor to the MS-
	DOS prompt icon.
4.	With the cursor on the MS-DOS icon, select the PROPERTIES 
	listing from the FILE menu in the Windows 95 Explorer and 
	ENTER.
5.	Open the Program file in the MS-DOS properties window.
6.	In the Cmd line, in front of the existing listing for the executable 
	name, type C:\PTDOSRUN followed by a space.
7.	ENTER to close the properties window.
	Protalk32 DOS will now be fully configured to run in the 
	Windows 95 DOS box when it is selected from the START UP 
	listing.
To configure an already installed DOS application to run in the Windows 
95 DOS box, complete the following steps.
1.	From the Start UP listings, select the Windows Explorer.
2.	Cursor to the WIN95 folder, then cursor to the PROGRAM 
	folder.
3.	Tab to the file listing in the Program folder and cursor to the 
	DOS application listing.
4.	With the cursor on the MS-DOS prompt icon, select the 
	PROPERTIES listing from the FILE menu in the Windows 95 
	and ENTER.
5.	In the DOS application properties window, open the Short Cut 
	file.
6.	In the Target line, in front of the existing listing for the 
	executable name, type  C:\PTDOSRUN followed by a space.
7.	ENTER to close the properties window.
Your DOS application will now be fully configured to run in the Windows 
95 DOS box when it is selected from the Start Up listing.

X13.4	About Protalk32 For DOS.
Protalk32 for DOS is a special edition of the P32 DOS screen reader 
program that has been adapted to run in the Windows environment.
For technical reasons, P32 DOS key commands, other than those for voice 
setting changes, are unfortunately not the same as the commands in P32.
P32 DOS, like P32, has two operating modes: those of the Application 
mode and the Navigation mode.  In the Application mode all the keys on 
the keyboard are available to the application, with a number of Hot Keys 
reserved for text manipulation.  In the Navigation mode, all the standard 
keys on the keyboard and Hot Keys except the function keys are available 
to the application.  In the Navigation mode, data or text is entered at the 
application cursor.  The Navigation cursor is used to navigate through the 
text without losing the place of the application cursor.

X13.5	Automatic Protalk32 DOS Functions.
Protalk32 DOS is structured to process Pop Up or Drop Down windows, 
pull-down menus and column boundaries within DOS Application 
programs automatically, without needing to be pre-configured.
Most line and screen commands either will detect the presence of a drop-
down window automatically, or will have a complimentary command 
specifically designed for finding and reading within that window.
For instance, when the Application program sets the application cursor in 
the drop-down window, you will be ready to read that window.
If a drop-down window does not contain the application cursor, you will 
have to use the Find Window command to set the Navigation mode cursor 
in the window instead.  Then the window can be read.
Text input or cursoring over text will be read or spelled automatically, 
depending on the speed of the key input or cursoring and the sensitivity 
setting in the dictionary.  The deletion of the next-to-be deleted character 
will be spoken automatically when you use the Backspace or the Delete 
key.
Messages will be abbreviated with an immediate cut-off when a key is 
entered. 
Previous commands will be terminated automatically before the next one 
is executed.

X13.6	Protalk32 DOS Navigation Mode Goto Line Commands.
Navigation mode has up to 100 pre-defined status lines for reading the 
screen directly, which are enough lines to meet the future development of 
video displays.  These status lines can be accessed with the key 
combinations ALT and 01 through to ALT and 99.  The ALT and 00 key 
combination will always read the line at the bottom of the video display, 
which would be line 50 on a VGA and up to line 60 on an SVGA video 
display.  This command allows for the easy readout of the status line, 
which is the bottom line in many DOS application programs.
Any ALT and number key combination that exceeds the number of lines 
on the screen will refer to the bottom line automatically.
The key combinations ALT and 01 to ALT and 99 will read lines 1 to 99 
on the screen.  The ALT and 01 key combination will read the top line, 
and the ALT and 02 key combination will read the second line, etc.
The ALT and 00 key combination will read the last line on the screen.
Switch the SCROLL LOCK ON before using the ALT and Number key 
combinations. 
For GOTO line numbers, use ALT and the KEYBOARD NUMBER keys.

X13.7	Pop Up Windows In Protalk32 DOS.
All DOS application programs use Drop Down or Pop Up windows to 
display and highlight menus, menu items, and messages.  Since the 
application cursor will always position itself in Menu Windows when they 
are called up, readout will be automatic.  Message Windows, on the other 
hand, are usually without cursors when they are called up, and must be 
read differently.
To accomplish this, send and keep the Navigation cursor in such windows 
as follows:
Toggle the SCROLL LOCK to the "ON" position.  Then use the 
CONTROL and F10 key combination (the Find First Pop Up window 
command) to set the Navigation cursor at the left of the top line in the Pop 
Up window.  Toggle the window lock "ON" with the CONTROL and F7 
key combination.
All the Navigation cursor navigating commands will be locked within the 
window, ready to read text.
The Navigation cursor will not cross the border of a Pop-Up window 
border but will instead announce the word, 'border' when a border is 
touched.
To read the text in the Pop-up window with the Quick scan, press SHIFT 
and the F10 key.
P32 will track borders automatically.  The window lock does not need to 
be toggled ON for this command to work.  Press the F9 key to PAUSE the 
Quick scan of the Pop-Up window.  The Navigation mode cursor will stop 
immediately and will be set at the beginning of the next line of text that is 
to be sent to the speech port.  The SHIFT and F9 key combination will 
resume the Quick scan.  The CONTROL and F9 key combination is the 
Find the Next Pop Up Window command for windows that are displayed 
already.
P32 DOS will find these windows even if they overlap each other.  When 
the CONTROL and F9 key command is executed, the Navigation cursor 
will be placed at the left of the top line in the subsequent Pop up window.
When no more windows can be detected, P32 will announce,
"No more windows."
Use the CONTROL and F9 key command only to find the next window.  
To return to a previous window, start over with CONTROL and F10, the 
Find First Window key command.

X13.8	Spreadsheet Applications In DOS.
Using Protalk32 DOS in a spreadsheet application will not require any 
special preparations other than turning ON the cell tracking feature, 
which you can do by turning on the SCROLL LOCK, then using SHIFT 
and F7.
To have the formula line in the spread sheet dedicated to be the status 
line, first locate the position where it is used in the application.  Example: 
you can search for the location of the Status line with the GOTO line 
command ALT and a NUMBER.  Once it is found, you can move the 
Navigation cursor to that position and record the position with the SHIFT 
and F6 key command.
You may now read the contents of the status line at any time with the 
ALT and LEFT SHIFT Hot Key.
You can enter text and data in DOS application spreadsheets from either 
the Navigation or Application modes.
To prevent conflict in readout of numbers it is recommended to enter only 
text in the first column of the spreadsheet.

X14	Windows Explained.

X14.1	The Microsoft Windows Program.
Microsoft Windows is a graphical environment in which a Mouse or 
similar device is used to "point and capture" graphical representations or 
"icons" to perform the various control and editing functions associated 
with data processing.
Using sophisticated memory access and swapping strategies, Microsoft 
Windows can run more than one application simultaneously and transfer 
information between them.  The Windows Graphical User Interface (GUI) 
environment draws all displayed text as graphics, thereby providing the 
user with an unlimited number of characters.  In contrast, DOS 
applications are limited to 256 or 512 characters, depending on the 
display adapter card that is used.  The True type fonts that are used to 
portray text characters in Windows applications show up on the screen in 
exactly the same typeface and size as they would appear in print.
It is useful to imagine a Graphics User Interface as only a fancy way of 
dressing up an application program.  Where pictorial representation is 
used, it is almost always accompanied by text, which P32 is able to read 
and display.
To visualize how P32 can access all the windows, imagine that every 
window in the application is displayed on a separate video display, 
connected by the computer.  Underlying windows can easily be accessed 
with common Windows keyboard commands.
Within a Windows application, a user focuses on only one window at one 
time.  Although several of these individual windows can be opened in a 
consecutive chain, users concentrate on only one window at a time.  
Regardless of how large or how small is the current window, P32 can 
concentrate on it and maintain control over all the information it contains.
Then, by always transferring the attention from one window to another in 
a logical sequence, P32 can maintain control over the information 
displayed in all the windows in the program.

X14.2	Installing Microsoft Windows.
We recommend that users seek the assistance of a sighted friend or 
colleague when installing Windows, because of the many installation 
messages, warnings and options that are given.
This is the general procedure for installing Microsoft Windows:
1.	Put the Windows disk 1 in the appropriate disk drive.
2.	Type in the letter designator of that drive, with a colon, and 
	ENTER.
3.	Type SETUP, and ENTER.
4.	Follow the instructions from the Windows install program that 
	appear on the screen.

X14.3	What Is A Window And How Is It Utilized?
In the Windows program your computer display is called the desktop, 
upon which your work is displayed in areas called “windows”.
A window is a bordered rectangular area, which is displayed on the screen 
in a size and position that are pre-determined by either Windows or the 
application program, although they can adjusted by the user.
Windows are used for many different purposes, such as for displaying the 
Program Manager in Windows 3.1, and within the window of the 
Program Manager, displaying its Application Group windows.
In both Windows 3.1 and 95, windows can take the form of Dialog boxes, 
Message boxes, Text boxes, Drop-down list boxes, Application data and 
Documents.
There is a conformity that is characteristic of Windows applications, 
meaning that windows that are used for similar purposes in different 
applications will closely resemble one another from application to 
application.
To maintain sensible control over the many windows that can be open at 
one time, the emphasis within the whole Windows environment is always 
on only one window, which is called the FOCUS.  Only this FOCUS 
Window is accessible for data input, text input, or other manipulations.
To access Windows that are running behind the FOCUS window, you 
must switch away from the FOCUS Window so that the new window can 
become the FOCUS window.  In other words, you can execute key input or 
cursor movement in only in the most current focus window.  And the 
current window, regardless of its size, shape or location on the screen, will 
be the Window that draws the focus of attention from P32.
For example, when a user calls up a sub-menu, a separate window will be 
called up that is seemingly attached to the menu bar but is nevertheless a 
separate window.  It will then become the current focus window.
In this instance, there is absolutely no difference between DOS 
applications or Windows applications.
A window that is physically covering the whole display is said to be 
maximized, while a window that is smaller than the display is a restored 
window.  A typical application window covers approximately 80% of the 
whole display, leaving 20 % of the screen free to indicate the borders of 
other windows.
The free 20% could show part of another application window, part of any 
other running window, and perhaps an area of the windows background, 
which is referred to as wallpaper.  Wallpaper is useful as a colored or 
textured contrast to fill out the unused display area.
Using P32 does not require that windows be run in a prescribed size or be 
maximized or restored.  The program works equally well under all 
conditions.

X14.4	Description Of A Window.
In the previous section we learned that a window can be any size up to 
100% of the screen, and that it may be used for many different tasks.
To assist in describing a window further, we will use a typical word 
processing application window to set both the application and document 
windows to maximized size.
In an application in Windows 3.1 there is a Control Menu button at the 
inside top left corner of the window, and at the top right corner opposite, 
there is a combination Maximize and / or Restore button.  To the left of 
the Maximize / Restore button is a button called Minimize, which has a 
title bar that lists the name of the application and the name of the 
document, sometimes in an abbreviated format.  That covers the distance 
between the Control menu and the Minimize button.
In an application in Windows 95 there is also a Control Menu button at 
the inside top left corner of the window, but at the top right corner 
opposite, there is a combination of three buttons, for minimizing, 
restoring, and closing the application.  There is a Document Restore 
button directly under the Close button.
As in Windows 3.1, these functions can only be accessed from the 
application Control menu.
When a document window is in its Restored size, the application's title bar 
will list only the name of the application and not the name of the 
document; the document name will be in the document window title bar.
Underneath the buttons and the title bar, right across the window width, 
there is a menu bar, listing the available menus.
The document Control menu button is at the far left.  On the far right of 
the menu bar is the document’s combination maximize and restore button.
Underneath the menu bar there are one or two closely spaced menu button 
bars containing many menu buttons, each button representing a short cut 
access to menu functions or commands, which users can activate by way 
of a menu short form.
Below the rows of buttons, also activated by way of a menu function, there 
may be a ruler that stretches across the whole width of the workspace, and 
shows the available document width and tabs settings.
Inside the window, along the whole width of the bottom border, there is a 
horizontal slider scroll bar, with the status line of the application 
summarized below it.  Inside the right vertical border of the window there 
is a vertical slider scroll bar.  The rest of the window is taken up by the 
work area, which is referred to by Windows as the client area.
In a word processor application the area is used for text input.
The description of the preceding window is typical of a word processor 
application window.  Many of its features are identical in other 
applications.  In addition to these described features, many non-
application windows may contain other utilities such as check boxes, list 
boxes, radio buttons, or command buttons.
The layout of windows is essentially the same everywhere, although of 
course the contents will differ.
Application windows vary in appearance.  Some have no menu bar, slider 
scroll bars, etc., since in most cases, the user selects whether or not these 
are to appear on the screen.

X14.4.1	What Is A Scroll Bar?
A vertical or horizontal scroll bar is a sliding button that is moved along a 
path, much as a slide volume control moves on a radio.  This type of bar 
allows for the visual scrolling of the window, causing its contents to move 
up or down along with the slide button.
When scroll bars are present, they are usually positioned along the right 
and lower sides of the window.
Scroll bars require the use of a pointer device, as well as some perception 
of how much of the displayed text is moving, which depends on the ratio 
of the text in a window to the size of the file.  Unfortunately, when using a 
screen reader, this combination is a cumbersome operation.  We suggest 
using the Page Up or Page Down keys, or the Goto menu commands, for 
moving through multiple pages of text in the application that is affected 
by the scroll bar.

X14.4.2	What Are A Menu Bar And Menu Button Bar?
The menu bar in an application window is about the same as in a DOS 
application program.  It appears as a row of menu headings, each giving 
access to a pull-down sub-menu window.  Each sub-menu window may 
list more menu items that are associated with the main menu's general 
topic.
A Menu button bar is a row of buttons, where each button provides a short 
cut in accessing a selected menu function or command.  Some examples 
are Cut, Copy, Paste, Bold, and Print.  The functions of these buttons can 
be accessed from within the P32 Item Manager, and sometimes with 
application hot keys.  The menu bar is located immediately below the 
window title bar, and the menu button bar appears below that.
It is up to you to decide if they will be displayed.

X14.4.3	What Is A Dialog Box?
A dialog box is a pop-up window that is generated by the program and 
that requests information.  If you are in the a sub-menu of the main menu 
bar, an entry will appear, followed by a series of ellipses or dots, which 
indicates that you can make a pop-up box appear that contains more 
information or options.  For example, when you want to open a file, the 
application will require information about the name of the file, what kind 
of file it is, and the address of where it can be found.  This information 
must be provided in the pop-up dialog box before the application can 
produce the file.  In MS Word, for instance, if you call up the Open dialog 
box from the file menu, P32 first will announce the title of the window, 
then the word, "OPEN", then the field name, "FILE NAME," and then the 
name of the listing, which in this example will most likely be "asterisk 
DOT.DOC."  As you navigate through a dialog box, whenever you go into 
a text box or list box, P32 will first read the field name, then the text or 
listing.  Many different types of dialog box windows are used in 
applications, but they are usually structured similarly.
A dialog box may contain individual radio or option buttons, command 
buttons, text boxes, list boxes, check boxes, drop down list boxes, or a 
combination of all these.
How to navigate through dialog boxes: Pressing TAB or using the SHIFT 
and TAB key command will cycle you through the options in the box.
Alternatively, you can use ALT and a mnemonic letter key command to 
go directly to an option.  Use the UP and DOWN cursor keys to search the 
files and call up lists.  When Cursoring through files and lists, use 
ENTER to make a selection.
In some applications, if there is no item highlighted when you open a list 
box, no readback will follow.  If such is the case, cursor down once and 
then up again, which will highlight the listing so P32 can track it.

X14.4.4	What Is A Text Box?
A text box is a one-line rectangle within a dialog box in which you type 
requested information.
P32 will treat a text box as a mini-word processor, for both speech output 
and Braille output.

X14.4.5	What Is A Check Box?
Check boxes are common in dialog boxes.  When an option has only two 
functions, such as Off or On, it will be preceded by a check box.
A check in the box will indicate if it is either Off or On.  Protalk32 will 
announce a checked position, and also will indicate if the checked status 
changes.
To change the status of a checkbox, press the SPACEBAR once.

X14.4.6	What Is A Drop Down List Box?
Common in dialogue boxes, a drop-down list box will appear if there are 
more choices available than there is room to list them in the dialog box.
The Windows commands for accessing drop-down list boxes are ALT and 
the DOWN arrow to call up the box, the UP and DOWN for reaching an 
item, and ALT and UP or DOWN to select an item.  P32 will read the 
listings as you travel through the list.

X14.4.7	What Is A Radio Or Option Button?
Radio buttons, like push buttons on a radio, can only be selected one at a 
time.  When a new button is selected, the previous one will automatically 
switch Off.  The TAB key will go to the radio button in use; you can select 
a different one with the UP and DOWN cursors.  P32 will announce a 
selection by saying, "RADIO ON."
Radio buttons are common in Dialog boxes where there are two or more 
options from which to select.

X14.4.8	What Is A Command Button?
Common in dialog boxes, command buttons are optional short cuts.
A typical command button in a dialog box is the OK button, which is 
functionally similar to the ENTER button, and serves to execute tasks 
according to the information supplied by the user.  Command buttons can 
be accessed with the TAB and SHIFT TAB key commands.
P32 will announce when a command button has been accessed.

X14.4.9	What Is An Icon?
An Icon is the graphic illustration or pictorial representation of an action 
or concept.  For instance, an Application Program Item Icon, located in 
the Application Group Window, might be the application developer's 
company logo.  Or, an icon might illustrate the general function of the 
program.  For instance, the Icon for an appointment program could be a 
tiny calendar, or a paint program could show a painter's palette.
The full or abbreviated name of the associated program is displayed 
underneath each Icon. 
Use the cursor keys to move from Icon to Icon in an Application Group 
Window.  P32 will read or display the name of each Icon that passes 
under the cursor.  You must use the P32 Item Manager to move between 
Application Icons.

X14.4.10	What Is The Program Manager In Windows 3.1?
Central to the operation of Microsoft Windows 3.1, the Program Manager 
is the first window that appears when you open the Windows program.
It is also the window from which application programs are selected.
The Windows 3.1 Program Manager window has a menu bar but no menu 
bar buttons.  It may or may not have slider scroll bars, depending upon its 
size.
Within the Program Manager window in the work or client area there are 
Application Group Windows Icons and Application Icons.
The Application Group Windows in the Program Manager are identical to 
the Program Manager except that they do not have menu bars.
Each time you install a Windows application in Windows 3.1, the 
program will appear automatically as an Application Group Window in 
the Program Manager.
When Application Group Windows are minimized, they are lined up in 
the client area of the Program Manager as single Application Icons.
Each Application Group Window stores one or more Application program 
Icons.  Each represents a separate program in that program group, which 
can be run independently.  For example, a Program Group Window might 
contain one Icon that is the application.exe file, and another that is the 
application README.exe file.  To run an application, select the 
Application program Icon from within the Application Group Window.
It is suggested that you use the P32 Item Manager to easily access and 
select Application Group Windows or Application Icons.  Otherwise, use 
the Program Manager Windows menu or the Windows key command 
CONTROL and TAB to find the application you want, and select with 
ENTER.
Either way, to find the right selection you must move the cursor through 
the Application Group Window Icons.
There is no real difference between displaying an Application as a Group 
Window or as an Application Icon.

X14.4.11	What Is A Start Up List In Windows 95?
Central to the operation of Microsoft Windows 95, the Start Up list is the 
first list that appears on an otherwise bare display when you start up the 
Windows 95 program.  Windows 95, unlike Windows 3.1, starts up when 
you switch ON the computer, because Windows 95 is the computer’s 
operating system, while Windows 3.1 needs MS DOS in order to run.
The Start Up list, which is called up by pressing the CONTROL and 
ESCAPE key combination, is the list in Windows 95 from which 
application programs or folders are selected.  Programs can be compared 
to application icons and folders to application groups as they are used in 
Windows 3.1.  Cursor UP or DOWN the list to make your selection, then 
press either ENTER to select or cursor to the right to open the folder for 
more application or folder listings.  Repeat this process until you find your 
program.
Unlike Windows 3.1, application groups in Windows 95 also can contain 
sub-folders.  Therefore, you can continue to select folders until you find 
the application you require.
To distinguish between programs and folders when you cursor through the 
start up lists, P32 will indicate whether an item is a program or a folder in 
addition to reading or displaying its name.
Use ESCAPE or the LEFT cursor key to return a previous folder level. 

X14.4.12	What Is A Task List?
The  Microsoft Windows Task List is a dialog box that lists all the 
applications that are currently running.
The order in which the programs are listed in the task list will depend on 
the order of their appearance on the screen.
For instance, in Windows 3.1 if the Program manager is the current 
window and the current application is stored as an Application Icon, the 
Program Manager will be listed first.  Otherwise, the application will be 
listed first.
The Task list can be called up from anywhere in Windows.
In Windows 3.1  to make a selection, press CONTROL and the ESCAPE 
key.  When the Task List is selected, P32 will read "TASK LIST" and the 
name of the program at the top line in the list box.
The LEFT or UP cursor key will move the cursor up the list and the 
RIGHT or DOWN cursor key will move the cursor down the list.
The TAB and SHIFT TAB key commands will move the cursor between 
the list box and the command buttons in the task list, and each will be 
read out fully when they are accessed.  To prevent their being terminated 
by accident, P32 and the Item Manager are both designed to run in the 
background.  Neither will appear in the Task List.
Although there is a task list available in Windows 95, it is incorporated 
only to shut down crashed application programs.  Unless you are an 
expereienced user, we recommend that you refrain from opening the 
Windows 95 task list (or the “Close Windows box” as it is called).
To open the Close Windows box, press the CONTROL and ALT and 
DELETE key combination.  P32 will read "Close Program" and the name 
of the program at the top line in the list box.
The LEFT or UP cursor key will move the cursor up the list and the 
RIGHT or DOWN cursor key will move the cursor down the list.
The TAB and SHIFT TAB key commands will move the cursor between 
the list box and the command buttons in the Close Window box, and each 
will be read out fully when they are accessed.

X14.4.13	What Is A Clipboard?
The Clipboard as an integral function of Microsoft Windows.  It is used as 
a temporary storage location for transferring information between 
Windows application programs.
By cutting information from an application for temporary storage in the 
clipboard, you can then later transfer the same information by pasting into 
another application.  P32 will let you read the contents of the Clipboard 
whenever Windows is running.  Simply press MINUS on the number pad 
to activate the secondary function, then press SHIFT and F9.
You can copy a block of marked text for storage to the clipboard with the 
CONTROL and INSERT keys.  To insert stored clipboard text at the 
position of the application cursor, press SHIFT and the INSERT key.
P32 also uses the Windows Clipboard function to read a whole document 
and to read from the application cursor to the end of the document text.
Whenever you use one of those two functions you must remember that 
when you issue the command any text that is currently stored on the 
clipboard will be deleted and replaced with a copy of the text that is to be 
read or displayed.  For further information, see Chapter 8.10, “Reading 
With Function Key Commands.”

X14.4.14	What Is The File Manager Or Explorer?
The Windows 3.1 File Manager and the Windows 95 Explorer are both 
powerful tools that can help you organize your files and directories.
You can use the File Manager or Explorer to view all your files and 
directories and then build a directory structure that you can use to store 
files conveniently.
You can use the File Manager or Explorer to move and copy files, start 
applications, connect to networks, print documents, and maintain disks.
You can also associate a file with an application so that you can easily 
start the application and open the file at the same time.  In addition you 
can use the Explorer to manipulate file folders and create short cuts to 
applications.
In Window 3.1 to call up the File manager, make sure the NUM LOCK is 
"ON", then from within the Program manager, press PLUS on the number 
pad to call up the P32 Item Manager.  Cursor through the Application 
Group listings until you find the MAIN application group and ENTER on 
that selection.  Then cursor down the list again until you are on the File 
Manager listing.  To select, press ENTER once more.
In Windows 95 to call up the Windows Explorer press CONTROL and 
ESCAPE.  Then cursor through the start up listings to find the Windows 
explorer and ENTER to select. 

X14.5	Message Windows.
When a message box appears, it will be regarded as the current or focus 
window.  P32 will announce the title of the window, followed by the text 
in the window, and if any button is present, the name of the button that is 
under the cursor.
In some message boxes the buttons will be read before the text.
To move from button to button, use TAB or SHIFT and TAB, and ENTER 
to select.  You can repeat the last readout with the SHIFT and CONTROL 
command.

X14.6	Locating Application Group Windows In The Program Manager.
To run a specific application in Windows 3.1, you must first locate the 
Application program Icon in the Application Group Window.
This is the procedure:
1.	If you are in the Program Manager window, call up the Window 
	menu by pressing ALT together with the letter W.
2.	Move the cursor to the required Application Group Window 
	listing and ENTER.  Regardless of whether the application is 
	displayed as a Group or as an Application Icon, the cursor will 
	move to one of the Application program Icons in the Application 
	Group Window.
Alternatively:
1.	From within the Program Manager, call up the P32 Item 
	Manager with the PLUS key command.  All the Application 
	Group Icons will be listed in the top window and the associated 
	Application Icons in the lower window.  The Item Manager 
	cursor will be on the name of the first Application Group 
	Window.
2.	Move the cursor down to the required Application Group 
	Window listing and ENTER.  You will move to one of the 
	Application program Icons in the Application Group Window.
	If the group window contains more then one Icon, use the cursor 
	key to cycle to the Application Item Icon of your choice, then 
	ENTER to load the program.

X14.6.1	Locating Application Icons In The Program Manager.
If you are in the Program Manager in Windows 3.1, press ALT and the 
letter W together to call up the Program Manager menu.  Move the cursor 
down to the required Application and press ENTER.  The Application 
Icon will change to the Application Group Window.
Alternatively, for a more orderly listing of all the icons, use CONTROL 
and PLUS to call up the Protalk32 Item Manager.  All the Application 
Group Icons will be listed in the top window and the Application Icons 
will be in the lower window.
The Item Manager cursor will be on the name of the first Program Group 
Window.  Press TAB to move the cursor to the name of the first 
Application Icon in the Item Manager.  Then move the cursor down to the 
required Application and ENTER.  After selecting an Application Icon 
from the menu or the Item manager, the Icon will be transformed into an 
Application Group Window.  The cursor will be located on the first Icon 
in the Application group.  If the group contains more than one Icon, use 
the cursor key to cycle to your choice. 
Press ENTER to load program.

X14.6.2	Selecting An Application In The Program Manager.
When you start up Window 3.1, the Program Manager will always be the 
current window or “focus”.  In previous chapters it was described that 
Applications will be listed or displayed as either Application Group 
Windows or Application Icons.
The easiest way of accessing them is with ALT and the letter W, which 
will call up the Program Manager Window menu.
Then CURSOR down to the required Application listing and ENTER.
The cursor will be on the first Icon in the Application Group Window.
If the group contains more than one Application Icon, use the cursor key 
to cycle to your choice.  Press ENTER to load the program.
Alternatively, use the PLUS command to call up the P32 Item Manager.
Then select from the upper or lower listings, using the TAB command to 
locate the required application.  This will place the cursor on the first Icon 
in the Application Group Window.
If the group contains more than one Application Icon, use the cursor key 
to cycle to your choice.  Press ENTER to load the program.

X14.6.3	Locating Menus And Sub-Menus Within An Application.
Press the ALT key once to highlight the window control menu button, 
then use the right hand cursor key to move to the menu you need to 
access.  Use the down cursor to go to the associated menu functions and 
ENTER to select.  Alternatively, if you know the mnemonic LETTER to 
activate the desired menu, use ALT and a letter key command to go to the 
menu.
Then move the cursor to your choice and ENTER to select.
As an even more efficient third alternative, if you know both mnemonic 
LETTERS to activate the function or command directly without pressing 
ENTER, use ALT and the first letter, then the second mnemonic letter key 
command.  When you cursor down the listings in an application menu, 
P32 will first read the underlined letter in the menu item name, then the 
name of the menu item.  Then it will read the shortcut key command if 
there is one.  The mnemonic letter is the first underlined letter in the 
listing, and can be used to call up the item without pressing ENTER.
Inactive menu items, i.e., items that are temporarily not available or are 
inapplicable to your current operation, are displayed in a dimmed text 
mode.  They are read or displayed as "disabled." Menu items with ellipses, 
which are displayed as having three periods behind the listing, have a 
dialog box attached to them.  These are read or displayed as "has dialog 
box attached."
Menu items that have an arrow on the right side of the listing will cascade 
or expand to a sub-menu.  The readout or display will be "has sub menu."
Some menu items have been previously selected and have a check mark 
before the name of the item; in this instance it will be announced as, 
"checked."

X14.6.4	Locating A User Accessible Dialog Box.
A dialog box can be accessed by the user after entering a menu or 
command function.  These are listed with the ellipses extension in the 
sub-menu item.

X14.6.5	Locating A Drop Down List In A List Box.
A drop-down list box appears when multiple choices are available, and 
space in the dialog box to list them all at once is limited.
List boxes are indicated by a small down arrow on the right hand side of 
the text line.  With the TAB or SHIFT and TAB key command, cycle 
through the options in the dialog box until the list is reached, then use 
ALT and the DOWN arrow to call up the box.  Cursoring through the list 
with the UP and DOWN arrows, P32 will read the listings.
Use the ALT and UP or ALT and DOWN cursor to select an item.

X14.6.6	Locating A Drag-Down List Under A Command Button.
Similar to a drop-down list box, a drag-down list box is a list of additional 
options that are available under command buttons.  They are indicated by 
a small two-headed arrow on the right hand side of the button.
Use TAB or SHIFT and TAB to cycle through the command options in 
the dialog box.
You can open the drop-down list box on a command button that has a 
drag-down list of options with ALT and DOWN. Cursor UP or DOWN in 
the list and use ALT and UP or ALT and DOWN to select an option

X14.6.7	Locating Application And Document Control Menus.
The control menu, also called the system menu, holds most of the 
commands that are used to change the status of a window.
In an application, the control menu lets you restore, move, size, minimize, 
maximize, close and switch to commands.  You can call up the control 
window menu for your application with ALT and the SPACEBAR.
You can call up the control menu for your document with ALT and the 
HYPHEN key.  Move the cursor DOWN to your selection and ENTER.
NOTE: Inactive Control Menu items, i.e., menu items that are temporarily 
not applicable, will be displayed in a dimmed text mode.  They will be 
read out or displayed with an indication that they are disabled.

X14.6.8	Locating The Buttons In An Application Tool Or Button Bar.
Defined tool or menu bar buttons can be called up from within the 
Protalk32 Item Manager.  Make sure the Num Lock is ON, then press the 
PLUS key on the number pad.  CURSOR DOWN to your choice and 
ENTER.

X14.7	Moving And Resizing Windows.
When an application is loaded from within the Program Manager 
window, it will usually appear on the screen in the same format as when it 
was closed, and will never appear as an icon.  However, P32 does not 
require that you run a program in a certain size format.  It is important 
only that the window be large enough to hold the width of a text line in a 
word processor document.
Typically, an active word processor will be displayed in an adequate 
window size.  If you are moving or resizing a window and the procedure 
seems to get out of hand, close the application and re-load.  When you 
close it, the program will ask if any changes in the text must be saved.
If so, confirm by pressing ENTER.
If you are unsure of in which Directory to save the work, or of the selected 
command button, use the TAB key to cycle through the options.
Moving a whole window can be done without too many problems.
Resizing is somewhat more involved.  It is advisable to practice both on a 
newly-opened document window in an application.
A good way of practicing is to first type a full line of text, then begin 
resizing the right hand side of the window.  By checking repeatedly on the 
line readout you will notice immediately if you have gone too far and are 
covering up the text.
Application windows can be moved independently of the display, and can 
be resized to about fifteen millimeter height by thirty millimeter width.
This will leave only part of the title bar showing while still allowing for 
text input with key echo.
None of the other read commands will work because no text will be 
displayed.  Not all windows can be resized, but they can all be moved 
around for better alignment.
Use common Windows application key commands to move and resize 
current or focused windows.
NOTE:
If you are unsure of the size of the window or about where it is placed, use 
the maximize feature to display the application and / or document fully.
Do not restore afterwards because the window will return to its unwanted 
size or placement.  The only alternative is to close the window and re-
load.

X14.7.1	Moving A Window On The Display.
A document window can be moved within the application window.
Also, when the application window is moved the document window goes 
with it.  In a maximized window the move feature is not available.
To move an application window, press ALT and the SPACEBAR to call 
up the application control menu, and cursor down to MOVE and ENTER.
Alternatively, use ALT and the SPACEBAR followed by the mnemonic 
letter M.
The cursor will change into a 4-headed arrow, which P32 will read out as 
“WINDOW MOVE” if it is located in the center of the application title 
bar.  Use the UP, DOWN, LEFT or RIGHT cursor keys to move the 
window.  Each cursor key stroke will move the window a distance of 9 
PIXELS in the selected direction.  As soon as a cursor key is pressed, the 
4-headed arrow will change into a pointer, which will be announced by 
the readout or display of the word, "POINTER."
To abort the move and return to the original starting place, press 
ESCAPE.
To select the new position to which the window is moved, press ENTER.
WARNING: Remember that it is possible to move the window completely 
from the display.
NOTE: If you are unsure of where the window is placed, use the 
maximize feature to display the application and /or document fully; do not 
restore afterwards.  Since the window would be returning to an unknown 
location, your alternative is to close the window and re-load.

X14.7.2	Resizing A Window.
Resizing a window refers to changing the width and /or height of its 
frame.  Because of their temporary display status, some windows (like 
dialog and message boxes) cannot be resized.  Also, when a window is 
maximized, therefore covering the whole display, it cannot be resized.
To start resizing a window, use ALT and the SPACEBAR to call up the 
application control menu, then move the cursor down to the SIZE listing 
and ENTER.  Alternatively, use ALT and the SPACEBAR, followed by 
the mnemonic letter S.
As soon as you do so, the cursor will change into a 4-headed arrow.  P32 
will announce the change by a readout or display of the words, 
"WINDOW RESIZE."
To change the actual window border size, first press the UP, DOWN, 
LEFT or  RIGHT cursor keys once, to set the cursor on the corresponding 
border of the window.  There, the 4-headed arrow will change into a 
double-headed pointer when it is set on the center of the window border.
P32 will announce the same readout or display of  the words, "WINDOW 
RESIZE."
Subsequent cursor key input will begin the actual resizing, unless you 
have first moved the cursor to the left border, followed by the UP or 
DOWN cursor key, in which case the cursor will move to the corner of the 
window and only subsequent cursor key inputs will start the actual 
resizing in the indicated direction.  On the vertical sides of the window 
you can move to the left and right, on the horizontal sides you can move 
up or down, and at the corners you can move in all 4 directions.
Each cursor keystroke will move the border of the window 9 PIXELS in 
the selected direction.
To stop the move and return the window border to its original starting 
place, press ESCAPE.
To select the new position, press ENTER.
WARNING: It is possible to decrease the window size to about fifteen 
millimeters high by thirty millimeters wide.

X14.8	Maximizing, Restoring, and Minimizing Windows.
Maximizing a window that contains an application will cover the whole 
screen display.  If the window is a document inside an application, it will 
cover the work or client area of the application completely.  To maximize 
the display, maximize both the application and the document.
Once a document window is set, the display status will be proportional to 
the display status of the application window.  Restoring a window means 
that you are changing it back to the size at which it was previously set by 
the user.  For instance, if the window was sized at 12 centimeters by 9 
centimeters and then maximized, the window will return to the 12 cm x 9 
cm size when the restore is activated.  Minimizing an application window 
means to change it to an application icon, from which it can be 
maximized or restored.
An application icon represents a program that is running in the 
background.  Therefore, data cannot be exchanged without restoring or 
maximizing the application.
Minimizing a document in an application window means changing it to a 
document icon within the application, from which it can be maximized or 
restored.  A document icon represents an application document running in 
the background.
Data cannot be exchanged without restoring or maximizing the document.
Not all application programs allow for minimizing a document to an icon 
within a maximized or restored application window.  Similarly, not all 
windows can be maximized, restored or minimized; some can only be 
minimized to an icon.  Dialog boxes, message boxes, and toolbox bar 
windows are good examples of such windows.  Whenever these functions 
are not listed in the control menu, the item cannot be changed in size.
You can only maximize, restore and minimize a window from within an 
application window control menu.  In Windows 3.1 application icons are 
maximized or restored from within the Task List.  Document icons can be 
maximized or restored from within the document control menu in a 
maximized or restored application window.
See next chapter for detailed instructions.


X14.8.1	Maximizing A Restored Application Window.
Call up the Control Menu in the application menu with the ALT and 
SPACEBAR key command.  The cursor will be on the dimmed Restore 
button.  CURSOR DOWN to maximize and ENTER.  The application will 
now cover the whole display.

X14.8.2	Maximizing An Application Icon.
An Application Icon is a running program that has been reduced to an 
Icon, and will be located in the bottom left of the screen.  Call up the Task 
List with CONTROL and ESCAPE.  CURSOR DOWN to the Application 
name and ENTER.
The application will return in the same appearance on the display as it 
was before it was minimized.
To check on the status of the application window, press the PERIOD key 
on the number pad.
Call up the Control Menu in the application window with ALT and the 
SPACEBAR key.  The cursor will be on the dimmed Restore button.
CURSOR DOWN to maximize and ENTER.  The application will now 
cover the whole display.

X14.8.3	Maximizing A Restored Document In An Application Window.
Call up the Document Control menu with the ALT and HYPHEN 
keyboard command.  The cursor will be on the dimmed Restore button.
CURSOR DOWN to Maximize, and ENTER.  The document window will 
now cover the whole work area of the application window.
The Title of a maximized document window is displayed in the 
application title bar, together with the application title.  Press the PERIOD 
KEY on the number pad for a readout of the document display.

X14.8.4	Restoring A Maximized Application Window.
Call up the Control Menu into the application window with the ALT and 
SPACEBAR key command.  The cursor will be on the Restore button.
Press ENTER.  The application will now be restored to its previous size.

X14.8.5	Restoring A Maximized Document Window.
Call up the Document Control menu with the ALT and HYPHEN 
keyboard command.  The cursor will be on the Restore button.  Press 
ENTER.  The document window will now be restored to its former size.
The title of the document window will be displayed in the document title 
bar.  Press PERIOD on the number pad for a readout of the document 
display status.

X14.8.6	Minimizing An Application Window.
Call up the Control Menu into the application window with the ALT and 
SPACEBAR key command.  The cursor  will  be on the Restore button.
CURSOR DOWN to Minimize and ENTER.  The application will now be 
running in the background for quick access as an Icon.

X14.8.7	Minimizing A Document Window.
Calls up the document Control menu with the ALT and HYPHEN 
keyboard command.  The cursor will be on the Restore button.
CURSOR DOWN to Minimize and ENTER.  The document window will 
now be running in the background for quick access as an Icon.

X14.8.8	Reading The Name And Display Status Of The Application.
While working with Windows application programs you must be able to 
determine, at the touch of a key stroke, the window that is current in the 
program and also its display status.  P32 ensures this capability.
Make sure the NUM LOCK is "ON" and press SHIFT and the 
PERIOD key combination to read or display the name of the current 
window title plus its display status, which is whether it is maximized or 
restored.

X15	Common Windows Key Commands 
Following is a partial list of the key combinations that are used in the 
Microsoft Windows operating system.
P32 supports them all.   Some of these commands, along with the P32 Hot 
keys, are listed throughout the manual.

15.1	System Keys.
F1  Starts Help if the application has Help.
CONTROL and ESCAPE  Switch to the Windows 3.1 Task List.
CONTROL and ESCAPE in Windows 95 calls up the Start Up bar.
ALT and ESCAPE  Switch to the next application, whether it is running 
in a Window or as an icon.
ALT and TAB  Switch to the most recently used application.
SHIFT and ALT and TAB  Switch to the previous application, by holding 
down ALT and SHIFT while repeatedly pressing TAB.
PRINT SCREEN  Copies an image of the screen onto the clipboard.
ALT and PRINT SCREEN  Copy an image of the active window onto the 
clipboard.
ALT then SPACEBAR  Open the Control menu for an application 
window.
ALT then HYPHEN  Open the control menu for a document window.
ALT and F4  Quit an application or close a window.
CONTROL and F4  in Windows 3.1 close the active group window or 
document window.
AN ARROW KEY Moves a window after you choose Move from the 
Control menu.
Or changes the size of a window after you choose Size from the control 
menu.

X15.2	Menu Keys.
Use the following common Windows keys to select menus and choose 
commands.
Many commands on menus also have keyboard equivalent; the key 
combinations for these commands are shown next to the commands on the 
menus.
ALT or F10  Select or cancel the selection of the first menu on the menu 
bar.
A CHARACTER KEY  Chooses the menu command whose underlined 
letter or number matches the one you type.
LEFT or RIGHT ARROW  Moves between menus.
UP or DOWN ARROW  Moves between menu commands.
ENTER  Chooses the selected menu name or command.
ESCAPE  Cancels the selected menu name.  Or closes an open menu.

X15.3	Dialog Box Keys.
TAB  Moves from option to option.  (left to right, top to bottom).
SHIFT and TAB  Move from option to option in reverse order.
ALT and CHARACTER KEY  Move to the option or group whose 
underlined letter or number matches the one you type.
AN ARROW KEY  Move the selection cursor from option to option 
within a group of options.
Or move the cursor left, right, up, or down within a list or text box.
HOME  Moves to the first item or character in a list or text box.
END  Moves to the last item or character in a list or text box.
SPACEBAR  Selects an item or cancels a selection in a list.  Selects or 
clears a check box.
ENTER  Carries out a command
ESCAPE or ALT and F4  Close a dialog box without completing the 
command.

X15.4	File Manager And Explorer Keys.
Following is a list of common key commands used in the Window 3.1 File 
Manager and Windows 95 Explorer.
TAB or F6  Moves between the directory tree, the content list, and the 
drive icons.
LEFT ARROW or BACKSPACE  Selects the directory listed above the 
current sub directory.
RIGHT ARROW  Selects the first sub directory, if one exists, listed below 
the current directory.
ENTER  Opens the highlighted sub directory.
SHIFT and ENTER  In Windows 3.1 open a new window, displaying the 
contents of the selected directory.
UP or DOWN ARROW  Selects a directory listed above or below the 
current directory.
CONTROL and UP ARROW in Windows 3.1 select the previous directory 
at the same level, if one exists.
CONTROL and DOWN ARROW  in Windows 3.1 select the next 
directory at the same level if one exists.
CONTROL and UP or DOWN ARROW in Windows 95 scrolls the 
Directory listing up or down.
PAGE UP  Selects the directory one screen up from the current directory.
PAGE DOWN  Selects the directory one screen down from the current 
directory.
HOME or BACKSLASH in Windows 3.1 select the root directory, in 
Windows 95 only the HOME key.
END  Selects the last directory in the list.
A CHARACTER KEY  Selects the next directory whose name begins 
with the specified letter or number.

X15.5	The Windows Control Panel And Protalk32.
Under Windows the Control Panel program allows for making changes to 
the system configuration.   It is recommended that users be very careful 
when making adjustments.  Inappropriate settings could have an adverse 
effect on your computer system.  As a precaution and to prevent conflict, 
there will be feedback when you move the cursor from Icon to Icon in the 
Control Panel.
Protalk32 provides full access by way of the Control Panel Program 
Menus.
Only the individual status line associated with the highlighted Icon will be 
listed in the P32 Item Manager, and not the Control Program Icons.

XA1	Summary Of Hot Keys In P32.

XA 2	Function Keys
	Num Lock "On", Minus key on the number pad pressed first.
CONTROL and QUESTION MARK. = P32 Help
ALT and QUESTION MARK. = Call up P32 hotkeys.
PAUSE. = Toggle between Pause and Resume Read Block.
SHIFT and CONTROL. = Repeat last read out.
CONTROL. = At all times cancel speech.
CONTROL and NUMLOCK. = Toggle Number Pad Access On or Off.
CONTROL and SCROLL LOCK = Application and Navigation Toggle 
switch.

XA 2	Function Keys
	Num Lock "On" Minus key on the number pad pressed first.
F1 = Change Application voice rate.
SHIFT and F1 = Change Application voice tone / pitch.
CONTROL and F1 = Volume setting all voices, scale 0 - 9.
F2 = Change Navigation voice rate.
SHIFT and F2 = Change Navigation voice tone / pitch.
F3 = Change Keyboard voice rate.
SHIFT and F3 = Change Keyboard voice tone / pitch.
F4 = Change Quick Scan voice rate.
SHIFT and F4 = Change Quick Scan voice tone / pitch.
ALT and F4 = Completely Unload P32.
F5 = Sensitivity setting, key 0 to 9, Hyphen key set Spell Keyboard mode.
SHIFT and F5 = Toggle Braille Display Indent, ON or OFF.
CONTROL and F5 = Toggle Navigation Cursor on Braille Displays, On 
or Off.
SHIFT and CONTROL and F5 = Toggle braille Monitor, On or Off
F6 = Spreadsheet and Terminal Mode Fast Track select, On or Off.
SHIFT and F6 = P32 Exception dictionary.
CONTROL and F6 = P32 Punctuation Editor.
SHIFT and CONTROL and F6
F7 = Select Punctuation between Off or Interactive or On.
SHIFT and F7 = Select Capitalization Off or Cap or Raised Pitch.
CONTROL and F7 = Select blank line detector Off or Beeped or Spoken.
SHIFT and CONTROL and F7 = Select Table detect between Off or Pitch 
or On.
F8 = Toggle between Normal and Quick scan block read.
F9 = Read Marked Block.
SHIFT and F9 = Read Clipboard.
SHIFT and CONTROL and F9 = Resume Document or Clipboard read.
F10 = Scan whole Window.
SHIFT and F10 = Scan whole Document.
CONTROL and F10 = Scan from Application cursor to end of Screen.
SHIFT and CONTROL and F10 = Scan from Application cursor to end of 
Document.
ALT and F10 = Scan Current Column Application cursor is in.
F11 = Read Paragraph.
SHIFT and F11 = Read Previous Paragraph.
CONTROL and F11 = Read Next Paragraph.
F12 = Read Sentence.
SHIFT and F12 = Read Previous Sentence.
CONTROL and F12 = Read Next Sentence.

XA3	Universal Commands Available In Application And Navigation 
	Mode.
STAR = Read Application cursor position.
SHIFT and STAR = Read Navigation cursor position.
CONTROL and STAR = Read Mouse cursor position on display.
ALT and STAR = Read Application cursor position in column.
SHIFT and ALT and STAR = Read Navigation cursor position in column.
MINUS = Activate second function.
CONTROL and MINUS = P32 Console.
SHIFT and CONTROL and MINUS = P32 Advanced Settings.
ALT and MINUS = P32 Braille Router.
SHIFT and ALT and MINUS = P32 Advanced Braille Settings.
PLUS = P32 Item Manager
CONTROL and PLUS = P32 Key Function Read On or Off.
ALT and PLUS. = P32 Sleepmode On or Off.
PERIOD = Read application Status bar.
SHIFT and PERIOD = Read name of Window, its display status, and the 
position of the scroll bar.
CONTROL and PERIOD = Select readout of status lines or display.
DIVIDE = Read whole line the Application cursor is on.
SHIFT and DIVIDE = Read whole line the Navigation cursor is on.
ALT and DIVIDE = Rotate between windows in an application.
0 = Click left mouse button, moves Application cursor to Navigation cursor.
SHIFT and 0 = Double click left mouse button.
CONTROL and 0 = Click right mouse button.
SHIFT and CONTROL and 0 = Double click right mouse button.
ALT and 0 = Toggle to mark block of text between cursor locations.
SHIFT and ALT and 0 = Move Navigation cursor to Application cursor 
position.

XA3.1	Application Mode.
	(Number Pad Keys, Num Lock "On.")
 (To toggle from Navigation mode to Application mode, press the Control 
and Scroll Lock key.)
1 = Read whole line Application cursor is on.
SHIFT and 1 = Spell whole line Application cursor is on.
CONTROL and 1 = Read enhanced whole line Application cursor is on.
SHIFT and CONTROL and 1 = Spell Phonetically whole line Application 
cursor is on.
2 = Read line below the line the application cursor is on.
SHIFT and 2 = Spell line below the line the application cursor is on.
CONTROL and 2 = Read enhanced below the line the application cursor 
is on.
SHIFT and CONTROL and 2 = Spell Phonetically the line below the line 
Application cursor is on.
3 = Read Column Application cursor is in.
SHIFT and 3 = Move Application Cursor Left 1 Column.
CONTROL and 3 = Move application Cursor Right 1 Column.
4 = Read word to the left of the application cursor.
SHIFT and 4 = Spell word to the left of the application cursor.
CONTROL and 4 = Read enhanced word to the left of the application 
cursor.
SHIFT and CONTROL and 4 = Spell Phonetically word to the left of 
application cursor.
5 = Read word under the application cursor.
SHIFT and 5 = Spell word under the application cursor.
CONTROL and 5 = Read enhanced word under the application cursor.
SHIFT and CONTROL and 5 = Spell Phonetically word under the 
application cursor.
6 = Read word to the right of the application cursor.
SHIFT and 6 = Spell word to the right of the application cursor.
CONTROL and 6 = Read enhanced word to the right of the application 
cursor.
SHIFT and CONTROL and 6 = Spell Phonetically word to the right of 
application cursor.
7 = Read from start of the line to the application cursor.
SHIFT and 7 = Spell from start of the line to the application cursor.
CONTROL and 7 = Read enhanced from start of the line to the 
application cursor.
SHIFT and CONTROL and 7 = Spell Phonetically from start of the line to 
the application cursor.
8 = Read line above the line the application cursor is in.
SHIFT and 8 = Spell line above the line the application cursor is in.
CONTROL and 8 = Read enhanced line above the line the application 
cursor is in.
SHIFT and CONTROL and 8 = Spell Phonetically the line above the line 
application cursor is on.
9 = Read from the application cursor to the end of line.
SHIFT and 9 = Spell from the application cursor to the end of line.
CONTROL and 9 = Read enhanced from the application cursor to the 
end of line.
SHIFT and CONTROL and 9 = Spell Phonetically from the application 
cursor to the end of line.

XA 3.2	Navigation Mode.
	Number Pad Keys, Num Lock "On."
(To toggle from Application mode to Navigation mode, press the Control 
and Scroll Lock key.)
1 = Read whole line Navigation cursor is on.
SHIFT and 1 = Spell whole line Navigation cursor is on.
CONTROL and 1 = Read enhanced whole line Navigation cursor is on.
SHIFT and CONTROL and 1 = Spell Phonetically whole line Navigation 
cursor is on.
ALT and 1 = Move Navigation cursor left one character.
2 = Read line below the line the Navigation cursor is on.
SHIFT and 2 = Spell line below the line the Navigation cursor is on.
CONTROL and 2 = Read enhanced below the line the Navigation cursor 
is on.
SHIFT and CONTROL and 2 = Spell Phonetically the line below the line 
Navigation cursor is on.
ALT and 2 = Move Navigation cursor down one line.
CONTROL and ALT and 2 = Move Navigation cursor down to last line of 
text in window.
3 = Read Column Navigation cursor is in.
SHIFT and 3 = Move Navigation Cursor Left 1 Column.
CONTROL and 3 = Move Navigation Cursor Right 1 Column.
ALT and 3 = Move Navigation cursor right one character.
4 = Read word to the left of the Navigation cursor.
SHIFT and 4 = Spell word to the left of the Navigation cursor.
CONTROL and 4 = Read enhanced word to the left of the Navigation 
cursor.
SHIFT and CONTROL and 4 = Spell Phonetically word to the left of 
Navigation cursor.
ALT and 4 = Move Navigation cursor left one word.
5 = Read word under the Navigation cursor.
SHIFT and 5 = Spell word under the Navigation cursor.
CONTROL and 5 = Read enhanced word under the Navigation cursor.
SHIFT and CONTROL and 5 = Spell Phonetically word under the 
Navigation cursor.
6 = Read word to the right of the Navigation cursor.
SHIFT and 6 = Spell word to the right of the Navigation cursor.
CONTROL and 6 = Read enhanced word to the right of the Navigation 
cursor.
SHIFT and CONTROL and 6 = Spell Phonetically word to the left of 
Navigation cursor.
ALT and 6 = Move Navigation cursor right one word.
7 = Read from start of the line to the Navigation cursor.
SHIFT and 7 = Spell from start of the line to the Navigation cursor.
CONTROL and 7 = Read enhanced from start of the line to the 
Navigation cursor.
SHIFT and CONTROL and 7 = Spell Phonetically from start of the line to 
the Navigation cursor.
ALT and 7 = Move Navigation cursor to start of line.
8 = Read line above the line the Navigation cursor is in.
SHIFT and 8 = Spell line above the line the Navigation cursor is in.
CONTROL and 8 = Read enhanced the line above the line the Navigation 
cursor is in.
SHIFT and CONTROL and 8 = Spell Phonetically the line above the line 
Navigation cursor is on.
ALT and 8 = Move Navigation cursor up one line.
CONTROL and ALT and 8 = Move Navigation cursor up to top line in 
window.
9 = Read from the Navigation cursor to the end of line.
SHIFT and 9 = Spell from the Navigation cursor to the end of line.
CONTROL and 9 = Read enhanced from the Navigation cursor to the 
end of line.
SHIFT and CONTROL and 9 = Spell Phonetically from the Navigation 
cursor to the end of line.
ALT and 9 = Move Navigation cursor to end of line.

XB1	Protalk Dos Hot Keys.
1.  SCROLL LOCK = Toggle between review and application mode.
2. .BOTH SHIFT keys = Cancel speech.
3.  ALT and RIGHT SHIFT = Read line  under application cursor.
     When the ALT key is held down longer, line is read verbose.
4.  ALT and LEFT SHIFT = Read the status line or status window.
5.  CONTROL and ALT = Read application cursor position.
6.  CONTROL and LEFT SHIFT and RIGHT SHIFT = Read word 
     application cursor is on.
     Holding the Control key down spells the word instead of read out.
7.  CONTROL and RIGHT SHIFT = Read word to the right of the 
     application cursor.
     Holding the Control key down spells the word instead of read out.
8.  CONTROL and LEFT SHIFT = Read the word to the left of the 
     application cursor.
     Holding the Control key down spells the word instead of read out.
9.  CONTROL and ALT and LEFT SHIFT = Read from start of line to the 
     application cursor.
     Holding the Control key down spells the line instead of read out.
10.  CONTROL and ALT and RIGHT SHIFT = Read from the application 
       cursor to end of line.
       Holding the Control key down spells the line instead of read out.

XB2	Review Mode Commands In Protalk Dos.
1.  SCROLL LOCK KEY = Toggle between application and review mode.
2.  HOME = Move review cursor to the left side of window.
3.  END = Move review cursor to the right of window.
4.  PAGE UP = Move review cursor to the top line, same column.
5.  PAGE DOWN = Move review cursor to the bottom line, same column.
6.  INSERT = Read present review cursor line.
7.  DELETE = Move review mode cursor to application cursor location.
8.  CONTROL and HOME = Record review cursor position.
9.  CONTROL and END = Return to recorded review cursor position.
10.  ALT and 01 TO ALT and 99 = Read directly video lines 1 to 99.
11.  ALT and 00 = Read directly bottom line of the screen.
12.  F5 = Read review mode cursor position.
13.  SHIFT and F5 = Read Pop Up window size.
14.  CONTROL and F5 = Read video screen type.
15.  ALT and F5 = Toggle Column detect.
16.  F6 = Set status line.
17.  SHIFT and F6 = Set status window.
18.  CONTROL and F6 = Search top of DOS window for marked block.
19.  ALT and F6 = Search bottom of DOS window for highlighted block.
20.  F7 = Punctuation reading toggle.
21.  SHIFT and F7 = Highlight or cell tracking toggle.
22.  CONTROL and F7 = Pop Up Window lock toggle.
23.  ALT and F7 = Capitalization toggle.
24.  F8 = Read sentence review cursor is on.
25.  SHIFT and F8 = Read paragraph review cursor is on.
26.  CONTROL and F8 = Read normal or quick scan toggle.
27.  ALT and F8 = Normal or phonetic spell toggle.
28.  F9 = Pause DOS or Pop Up window quick scan.
29.  SHIFT and F9 = Resume paused DOS or Pop Up window quick scan.
30.  CONTROL and F9 = Resume search next window, place cursor top 
       left.
31.  ALT and F9 = Resume word or phrase screen search.
32.  F10 = Quick scan the entire DOS window.
33.  SHIFT and F10 = Quick scan the present Pop Up window.
34.  CONTROL and F10 = Find first Pop Up window, place cursor top 
left.
35.  ALT and F10 = Search the DOS window for word or phrase.
36.  CONTROL and PAGE UP = Press emulated left mouse button.
37.  CONTROL and PAGE DOWN = Press emulated right mouse button.

XC 1	The ALVA Braille Display Key Commands.
Following is a listing of all available ALVA keyboard Key Commands for 
use in displaying Braille.
Up key = move navigation cursor up 1 line.
Down key = move navigation cursor down 1 line.
Left key = scroll braille display left 1 display minus 1 cell.
Right key = scroll braille display right 1 display minus 1 cell.
Cursor and up key = move application cursor up 1 line.
Cursor and down key = move application cursor down 1 line.
Cursor and left key = move application cursor to start of line.
Cursor and right key = move application cursor to end of line.
Home key  = move navigation cursor to application cursor position.
Cursor and home key = move application cursor to navigation cursor 
position.
Prog and up key = call up the protalk console.
Prog and right key = call up the item manager.
Prog and down key = call up the braille router.
Touch cursor buttons = route application cursor to that position.
Left status touch cursor button = enhanced line read.
Center status touch cursor button = read application cursor line.
Right status touch cursor button = mark block between cursors.

XC 2	Brailloterm Display Key commands.
Following is a listing of all available Brailloterm keyboard Key 
Commands for use in displaying Braille.
Forward key = Scroll display to the right 1 width.
Zero and Forward key = Scroll display right 1 character.
Backward key = Scroll display left 1 width.
Zero and Backward key = Scroll display left 1 character.
Key 1 = Read Window title
Zero and  key 1 = Get line above Application cursor.
Key 2 = Get present line Navigation cursor is on.
Zero and Key 2 = Get present line Application cursor is on.
Key 3 = Read status line.
Zero and Key 3 = Get line below, the line the Application cursor is on.
Key 4 = Move Navigation cursor up 1 line.
Zero and Key 4 = Move Application cursor up 1 line.
Key 5 = Rich line display of line Navigation cursor is on.
Zero and Key 5 = Rich line display of line Application cursor is on.
Key 6 = Move Navigation cursor down 1 line.
Zero and Key 6 = Move Application cursor down 1 line.
Key 7= Activate Second Function. 
Zero and Key 7 = Get Protalk32 Console.
Zero and Key 9 = Toggle Brailloterm beeper between On and Off.
Zero and M key = Get Item Manager.
Number Sign Key = Toggle Brailloterm keyboard between display or 
input.
Router button = Route the Navigation cursor to corresponding position. 
Zero and Router button = Route the Application cursor to corresponding 
position.

XC 2.1	Brailloterm Input Text Key commands.
Following is a listing of all available Brailloterm keyboard Key 
Commands for use in displaying Braille.
Number key = Toggle between display and keyboard input.
Key 0 = Cell    7.
Key 1 = Cell    3.
Key 2 = Cell    2.
Key 3 = Cell    1.
Key 7 = Cell    4.
Key 8 = Cell    5.
Key 9 = Cell    6.
Key M = Cell   8.
Key 4 = Spacebar.
Key 5 = Backspace.
Key 6 = Enter.

XC 3	The MODULAR Braille Display Key Commands.
Following is a listing of all available Modular keyboard Key Commands 
for use in displaying Braille.
B1 = Read Application cursor line.
B2 = Read Navigation cursor line.
B3 = Read Status line.
B4 = Read Window name.
B5 = Move Navigation cursor to Application cursor position.
B6 = Activate Application Menu.
B7 = Show/Hide cursor display.
B8 = Shift key.
B9 = Activate Protalk Console.
B10 = Activate Protalk Braille Router.
B12 = Activate protalk Item Manager.
B13 = Lock/Unlock Window Navigation.
B14 = Show/Hide text indentation.
Left key = Move Navigation cursor UP one line.
Right key = Move Navigation cursor DOWN one line.
Numbers 0 to 9 = Keyboard number pad keys.

XC 4	Navigator 20/40 Display Key commands
Following is a listing of all available Navigator 20/40 keyboard Key 
Commands for use in displaying Braille.
Left keypad Up key = Move Application cursor Up 1 line.
Left keypad Down key = Move Application cursor Down 1 line.
Left keypad Left key = Move Application cursor Left 1 character.
Left keypad Right key = Move Application cursor Right 1 character. 
Left keypad Left and Right key = Rich line display, Application cursor 
line.
Left keypad Up and Down key = Read present Application cursor line.
Left keypad Execute and Left key = Get Item Manager.
Left keypad Execute and Up key = Get line above, the Application cursor 
is on.
Left keypad Execute and Down = Get line below, the Application cursor is 
on.
Right keypad Up key = Scroll display Up 1 line.
Right keypad Down key = Scroll display Down 1 line.
Right keypad Left key = Scroll display 1 width to the left.
Right keypad Right key = Scroll display 1 width to the right.
Right keypad Left and Up key = Read window title.
Right keypad Left and Down key = Read status line.
Right keypad Left and Right key = Rich line display, Navigation cursor 
line.
Right keypad Up and Down key = Read present Navigation cursor line.
Right keypad Execute and Left key = Route Navigation cursor to 
Application cursor position.
Right keypad Execute and Right key = Route Application cursor to 
Navigation cursor position.
Right keypad Execute and Up key = Toggle marked block indicator.
Right keypad Execute and Down key = Toggle cursor indicator.
Right keypad Execute and UP and Down Key = Toggle Capital letter 
indicator on 6 dot display.
Router Button = Route Navigation cursor to corresponding position.
Left or Right Execute key then the Router Button = Route Application 
cursor to corresponding position.

XC 4.1	Navigator 80 Display Key commands.
Since the Navigator 80 has a different key board lay out then the 20/40 
units the key command structure was changed to take advantage of the lay 
out of the Navigator 80.  Since Protalk automatically detects which type of 
Navigator is in use, you will not need to configure this.
Commands for use in displaying Braille.
Left key = Scroll Braille Display Left.
Right Key = Scroll Braille Display Right.
Up Key = Move Navigation Cursor Up 1 line.
Down Key = Move Navigation Cursor Down 1 line.
Left Exec and Left Key = Move Application Cursor To The Left.
Left Exec and Right Key = Move Application Cursor To The Right.
Left Exec and Up Key = Move Application Cursor Up 1 Line.
Left Exec and Down Key = Move Application Cursor Down 1 Line.
Left 2 Key = Read Navigation Cursor Line.
Left Exec and Left 2 Key = Read Status Line.
Up and Down Key = Route Navigation Cursor To The Application 
Cursor.
Left and Right Key = Route Application Cursor to Navigation Cursor.
Left Display Key = Read Navigation Cursor Line.
Left Exec and Left Display Key = Read Navigation Cursor Line With 
Fonts.
Right Display Key = Read Application Cursor Line.
Left Exec and Right Display Key = Read Application Line With Fonts.
Right Exec and Left Key = Activate Item Manager.
Right Exec and Up = Read Line Above Application Cursor.
Right Exec and Down = Read Line Below Application Cursor.
Left Exec and Right Display Key = Activate Protalk Console. 

XC 5	The PowerBraille 40/80 Display Key Commands.
Left Key = Scroll Display to the Left.
Right Key = Scroll Display to the Right.
Right Rocker Bar UP = Move One Line Up.
Right Rocker Bar DOWN = Move One Line Down.
Left Rocker Bar UP = Move Application Cursor One Line Up.
Left Rocker Bar DOWN = Move Application Cursor One Line Down.
Convex Key = Enter.
Concave Key = Route Navigation Cursor to Application Cursor Position.
Right Key and Right Rocker Bar UP = Scroll One Character to the left.
Right Key and Right Rocker Bar DOWN = Scroll One Character to the 
Right.
Left Key and Left Rocker Bar UP = Read Window Title.
Left Key and Left Rocker Bar DOWN = Read Status Line.
Left and Right Key = Toggle GoTo/Exit Application Menu.
Convex Key and Left Rocker Bar UP = Show Cursor.
Convex Key and Left Rocker Bar DOWN = Hide Cursor.
Concave Key and Right Rocker Bar UP = Call Item Manager.
Convex and Concave Key = Call Protalk Control Console.

XS1	Biolink Computer R & D Ltd. License Agreement.
Section 1.
You are receiving a non-exclusive license to use the program Protalk32 
version 1.0 and any substitutions or renewals subject to the conditions and 
restrictions as set out in section 2 which follows.  Biolink Computer 
Research and Development Ltd. (hereafter named Biolink) retains title to 
the software and all copies.
Specifically, in return for payment of a one-time license fee for the 
program distributed with this license agreement you are authorized by 
Biolink to use the program and any substitutions and renewals only under 
the conditions specified in this license agreement.  Your authorization is 
non exclusive in that Biolink remains the owner of the software including 
copies provided with this license agreement or authorized to be made 
under this license agreement.
Section 2.
You are authorized to use the software accompanying this license 
agreement only under the following terms and conditions:
1.	The program, Protalk32 version 1.0 may only be used on one 
	computer and by one  user at a time.
2.	The program, Protalk32 version 1.0 may not be installed on a 
	network server or equivalent machine, for the purpose of serving 
	more than one user and more than one machine, without the 
	express written permission of Biolink.
3.	The software may not be duplicated except for archival purposes 
	or to replace defective storage media.
4.	In no event shall the software be disassembled, reverse translated, 
	altered, modified, adapted or translated, or used to create new 
	programs based on or derived from the software.
5.	This license agreement will remain in effect until it is 
	terminated.  In the event that you fail to comply with any of the 
	terms or conditions of this license agreement, it will be 
	terminated automatically without any notice to you from Biolink.
	Limited Warranty.
Biolink warrants to the original purchaser of this Biolink product for a 
period of One Year from the date of the retail delivery to you  (or your 
company) as the user that the magnetic disk, security lock and the 
accompanying User's manual is free from defects in material or 
workmanship under normal use.  Biolink will replace any disk free of 
charge if it is proven to be defective during the above warranty period.
Products requiring warranty replacement should be postage or freight 
prepaid with proof of purchase, returned to Biolink or its authorized 
distributor.  The user should assume risk for loss or damage of the product 
in transit.
The warranty does not cover:
1.	Any disk, de-scrambler or manual that has been subjected to 
	damage or abuse.
2.	Any program that has been altered or changed in any way by 
	anyone other than Biolink.
3.	Problems caused by computer hardware, computer operating 
	systems, external input devices, power line interfaces or electrical 
	power surges.
The above warranties are the only warranties of any kind, either express 
or implied, made by Biolink.  Any Implied warranties of merchantability 
or fitness for a use are hereby disclaimed.  Any remedies provided herein 
are your sole and exclusive remedies.  In no event shall Biolink be liable 
for any direct, or indirect, special incidental or consequential damages, 
even if Biolink has been advised of the possibility of such damages.
Notice:
Some countries, provinces or states do not allow the exclusion of 
warranties or limitations of incidental or consequential damages so the 
above limitations may not apply to you.
User Manual License Agreement.
This user manual is one of several items comprising the Biolink Computer 
Research and Development LTD, Protalk32 version 1.0 Screen reading 
software package.  The use of the manual is governed by the License 
Agreement included with the software.
User Manual Copyright.
This written manual and its electronic medium equivalent are 
copyrighted.  All rights are reserved.
They may not, in whole or in part be copied, photo-copied, reproduced, 
translated or reduced to any electronic medium or machine readable form 
without the prior, written consent from Biolink Computer Research and 
Development Ltd.
(C)Biolink Computer Research and Development LTD 1995.
4770 Glenwood Avenue
North Vancouver, B.C.  Canada.
V7R 4G8
Phone (604) 984-4099
Fax (604) 985-8493
BBS (604) 985-8431
Compuserve 72604,367
Revisions.
Biolink Computer Research and Development LTD reserves the right to 
make revisions to this manual and its electronic medium equivalent at any 
time without formal or informal prior notice.
Biolink Computer R & D LTD, 1995.

XS2	INTRODUCTION to Protalk32 Version 1.0
	for 386 / 486 / Pentium Compatible Computers.
The widespread use of Microsoft Windows is having a strong impact in 
the world of computers as more and more professionals change with the 
times.  DOS applications are being replaced at an increasing pace and it is 
generally accepted that it is only a matter of time before DOS operating 
systems and applications head towards obsolescence.
The newest Windows-based operating system is similar to its previous 
version in appearance but actually operates quite differently.  However, 
this company welcomes the change, because as we see it, it marks the 
beginning of industry-wide programming standards such as have never 
been achieved before.  Ultimately, combined with the efforts and skills of 
programmers everywhere, new industry standards will lead to full access 
to Windows-based screen reading.
Our company is proud to announce that the latest version of Protalk32 
also represents a new generation, in this case of full access screen reading.
The authors of P32 are confident that the interpretive and facilitating 
features of the P32 program will enable the visually impaired user to 
access most, if not all, Windows-based applications, including Word 
processors, Spreadsheets, Data Managers, Form Applications, etc., and 
DOS applications in the Windows DOS box.
P32 is an all-purpose screen reading program designed for use with 
Speech and / or Braille output.  The automated features of P32 keep 
program pre-definition and configuration by novice users to an absolute 
minimum, while power users still can use all of its sophisticated features 
to customize the program.
We strongly recommend that new P32 users read this manual before 
attempting to access Windows applications, and use only automated 
features until they become more experienced.

How Does Protalk32 Operate?
Representing the next generation of screen readers for the Windows 
environment, Protalk32 is a true 32 bit Windows multi-tasking screen 
reading application program.  It simultaneously monitors the positions of 
the application and navigation cursors, any input from the keyboard or 
mouse, any computing related to the processing of one or more user 
applications, all auto save functions, any synthesizer and Braille device 
feedback, and Microsoft Windows' overall supervisory program 
operations.
P32 for Windows transforms the computer application visual display 
either to a verbal (speech synthesizer) "readout", or to a tactile 
presentation via a Braille display, with the option of using simultaneous 
output on both.
P32’s artificial intelligence is fundamental to the interpretation of 
incoming information, and to the subsequent channeling of instructions to 
speech and / or Braille output devices.
P32 is designed to track all windows, icons, tools, objects, and user text or 
data, regardless of each window's position, and its status as either exposed 
or covered.
Protalk monitors MS Windows' overall management of computer tasks.
The P32 Item Manager is a location coordinator that enables the user to 
navigate with ease through all MS Windows graphical interfaces.
P32 operates in two different modes:
APPLICATION MODE allows for text and data input, and also provides 
ready access to all navigating functions and universal text reading 
commands.
NAVIGATION MODE allows the user to use keyboard commands to 
move the navigation cursor freely around a window without losing track 
of its position.  At the same time, Navigation Mode also provides access to 
all application functions and universal text reading commands.

XS3	Terminology Used In Protalk32.
Application Mode = the Protalk32 operating mode.
The P32 mode requires that the NUM LOCK key be "ON." In this Mode, 
all the keys on the number pad have a dedicated secondary function.
Application Cursor  = The Text Cursor or Caret.
Navigation Cursor  = The hidden P32 cursor.
Navigation Mode = A mode in P32 that employs the use of the P32 Cursor 
for text manipulation.
Protalk32 Console = A central access window for toggling P32 features, 
also used for adjusting the speaking rate, voice pitch, and master volume 
level settings on speech synthesizers.
Protalk32 Item Manager = a call-up window, for listing and accessing 
application group windows, application group icons, program icons, 
Hypertext, and for training and editing tools.
Protalk32 Braille Router  = A dialog box or toggle button panel that lets 
users determine which output should be sent to a Braille display, and 
which to an installed speech synthesizer.
Protalk32 Advanced Settings  = A central access window for toggling (or 
“checking”) P32’s advanced reading and tracking features.
Protalk32 Exception Dictionary Editor  = A call-up dictionary for 
entering, altering, customizing, or deleting words that are used in P32.
Protalk32 Character Editor  = A call-up dictionary editor for enabling, 
disabling, and redirecting the readout of punctuation characters in P32.
Protalk32 Advanced Braille Settings  = A central access window to Braille 
tables, also for checking P32 advanced Braille features.
Protalk32 Braille Table Editor  = A call-up window for creating and 
editing Braille tables.
Protalk32 Braille Cursor Editor  = A call-up window for creating and 
editing Braille cursors.
Protalk32 Edit Tool Name  = A call-up window for editing application 
buttons.
Protalk32 Automatic Tool Trainer = A call-up window for auto training 
application buttons. 
Protalk32 Set Language = A call-up window for multiple language 
switching.